Salem Baptist Church - New Sanctuary Dedication Program - "A New Beginning (Keeping Christ as the Focus)"

Church history

Commemorative program produced by Salem Baptist Church to celebrate the dedication of a new sanctuary built to the east of its 1909 Sanctuary. NOTE: Commemorative History separated from this file and available as separate file.

Salem Baptist Church

Doris K. Wylie Hoskins Archive

1993

Salem Baptist Church files - Doris K. Wylie Hoskins Archive

Church history

Newspaper clippings, photographs and church programs documenting Salem Baptist Church throughout its history. Each pdf file contains a different segment of Ms. Hoskins' files on Salem Baptist Church.

Collected by Doris K. Wylie Hoskins.

The Public-i: Published by the Urbana-Champaign Independent Media Center

Community News, Underground Press, Policing

The Public-i, a project of the Urbana- Champaign Independent Media Center, is an independent, collectively-run, community- oriented publication that provides a forum for topics underreported and voices under- represented in the dominant media. All contributors to the paper are volunteers. Of special note are articles touching on issues facing local African-American populations:

July 2010 - Belden Fields "Urbana Neighborhood Connections, Inc." - article on community center run by Janice Mitchell in East Urbana; Janice Walker "Valedictorian Speech From The Odyssey Project"; Kerry Pimblott "Odyssey Project"; Noah Lenstra "eBlack Project: Online and in the Community"; Belden Fields "The Summer Construction Education Program"

April 2010 - Ashley Redding "The Intertwining Cycle" - article on poverty and homelessness in North End.

February 2010 - "Black History Month" - features on the cover a picture of the Tuskegee Airmen Mural at Chanute Airforce Base, Rantoul. Also includes: Michael Burns "A History of the Douglass Center"; Jan Kruse "Juvenile Justice in Champaign County—A Racial Disparity"; "Interview With Deborah Thomas Who Lives In The House Where Kiwane Carrington Was Killed"; "2010 Martin Luther King Essay Contest Winners"; Belden Fields "New York/Champaign: Policing and Race".

January 2010 - Durl Kruse "Juvenile Justice in Champaign County—A Racial Disparity"; Kerry Pimblott "State’s Attorney Files No Charges Against CPD."

November 2009 - Brian Dolinar "Courthouse Rally in Kiwane Carrington Case: 'Felonies Ain’t Favors! Plea Bargains Ain’t Either!'"

October 2009 - Special issue on the Kiwane Carrington murder by Champaign Police Department. Brian Dolinar "Champaign Police Fatally Shoot Unarmed 15 Year-old African American Youth"; Marti Wilkinson "Power Without Accountability?"; Brian Dolinar "Unity March Highlights “Don’t Care” Attitude Toward the Poor"; Aaron Ammons "Cycle of Greed" (poem); "Statement From CU Citizens for Peace and Justice"

September 2009 - Brian Dolinar, "2008 Racial Profiling Numbers Released By IDOT"

June/July 2009 - Brian Dolinar "Community Leaders Speak Out On Toto Kaiyewu Case"

May 2009 - Brian Dolinar, "Racial Profiling Incident Leads to Police Shooting of “Toto” Kaiyewu"

March 2009 - "Champaign County Board Approves Committee to Study Jury Selection"

Jan/Feb 2009 - Black History Month Edition. "Excerpts From 2009 MLK Essays"; Brian Dolinar "Racial Profiling Study Suppressed by Local Media"; Local Yocal "Discreet Discretions"; Ruth Nicole Brown "Reflections of Black Girlhood: Necessary Truths, A Photography Exhibit/Multimedia Installation"; Ernie Westfield "Negro League Black Men" (Poem); Karen Simms "Youth Making History at Home"; "Ministerial Alliance Awards Community Organizers"

November/December 2008 - Belden Fields "Project 500 Participants Ask Tribune For Apology and Call For A New Report"; Aaron Ammons "History Matters, Just Ask Barack"

October 2008 - Randall Cotton "Restoring Champaign’s Safety Net for the Poor"; Brian Dolinar "Patrick Thompson and Martel Miller Arrive At Settlement on Eavesdropping Charges"

August 2008 - Kevin Hamilton "Local Racism, Global Politics, and a National Audience"

Summer 2008 - Brian Dolinar "Patrick Thompson Exonerated"; Brian Dolinar "Sentencing of Brian Chesley"; Niloofar Shambayati "A Bourgeoning Community Garden In North Champaign"

May 2008 - Alvia Dyson "Signs of the Times: A Message from Douglass Park Resident to a Toxic Neighbor"; Treva Ellison "Police Officers in Unit Four Schools"; Belden Fields "Young People Can Learn a Trade and Earn a Wage this Summer"; Amira Davis "The Labor of Black Women"; Belden Fields "Poverty in Champaign County"

April 2008 - Douglass Park Residents & C-U Political Action Project "A Toxic Legacy: Douglass Park Residents In Their Own Words, Part 2"; Marti Wilkinson "Pezzullo Interview On Fifth & Hill"; Brian Dolinar "Three Cops Versus an Entire Community"; "Activist to Be Tried Again May 12"

March 2008 - Douglass Park Residents & C-U Political Action Project "A Toxic Legacy: Douglass Park Residents In Their Own Words"

February 2008 - Amira Davis "Reclaiming Black History"; "Excerpts From The 2008 Martin Luther King, Jr. Essay Contest"; Kerry Pimblott "The Struggle For Racial Equity In The Champaign
County Criminal Justice System"; "Boxing Champs Worked to Help Black Youth in Campaign"; Ruth Nicole Brown "SOLHOT: 'Know That!'"; Aaron Ammons "What is the Struggle?"

January 2008 - The C-U Political Action Project "Against Toxicity and Secrecy: Digging Up the Legacy of the 5th and Hill Site"; Seth Jackson "Patrick Thompson Returns to Court Again"; Belden Fields "IBEW Local 601 Absolved of Discrimination"; Marti Wilkinson "Environmental Justice an Overview"

November/December 2007 - David Roediger "Land Of The Chief & Home Of Modern Blackface Minstrelsy"; "Photos From The 4th Annual Urbana-Champaign Unity March, Saturday, October 16"

October 2007 - Brian Dolinar "Home Invasion: Racial Disparities in SWAT Raids"; "NWC: The Race Play Controversy"

September 2007 - Brian Dolinar "CU Citizens Help Ms. Davis Move Out Of Bullet-Riddled House"; Ricky Baldwin "Citizen Police Review Boards As Summer Ends: East 1, West 0"; Marti Wilkinson "Toxic Tours"

August 2007 - Marti Wilkinson "A Garden Hills Resident Responds"

May 2007 - Brian Dolinar "Patrick Thompson’s Conviction Overturned"; Marti Wilkinson "How Does the Criminal Justice System Work in Champaign County?"

March 2007 - Laurie Solomon "A Response to Champaign Authorities Who Dispute Need for a Citizen Police Review Board"

February 2007 - Brian Dolinar "Consent Decree 101: The Mis-education of Champaign’s Black Students"; Brian Dolinar "Witnesses Appear in Post-trial Motion for Patrick Thompson"; Carol Ammons "Campus Academy Youth Reflect On The Legacy Of Paul Robeson"

December 2006 - Brian Dolinar "Community Court Wwatch Corner"

November 2006 - Brian Dolinar "Court Watch Report: Another Cop Gets Off"; Brian Dolinar "What You Got To Go Through To File A Police Complaint In Champaign"

October 2006 - "Torture Exposed In The Champaign County Jail"; Brian Dolinar "Torture Exposed In The Champaign County Jail"

September 2006 - Belden Fields "The Injustice System in Champaign County"; Ricky Baldwin "Who's Policing the Police?"; Aaron Ammons "Construction of Injustice"; Patrick Thompson "Police Corruption"; Lynsee Melchi "It's Raining Felonies"; Brian Dolinar "Busy Week for Community Courtwatch"

July/August 2006 - Brian Dolinar "Vigil For Quentin Larry and Terrell Layfield"

June 2006 - Brian Dolinar "Police Stage Attack on Garden Hills" and "Five Deaths at County Jail"

November 2004 - Brian Dolinar "U-N-I-T-Y in U-C: Why Are You Marching for for Unity?"

October 2004 - Brian Dolinar "From Profile to Prison: The Criminalization of a Community"; Aaron Ammons "Abuse of Power"

September 2001 - Belden Fields "Economic Human Rights In Champaign County: A Living Wage"; John Wason "Police Race Education to Community Roundtables!"

Urbana-Champaign Independent Media Center and Community Authors

ucimc.org

UC-IMC

2010-2001

The Illinois Writers Project: "Negro in Illinois" paper

African-American History

Finding Aid .Research notes and draft chapters in the Illinois Writers Project/"Negro in Illinois" Papers are arranged according to the sequence of chapters in the projected book on African American history and culture in Illinois. Where the materials for a projected chapter occupy more than one box, they are continued in the immediately following boxes.
This collection is described at the folder level. Descriptions of folder contents are, where possible, taken from headings on the research materials.

Chicago Public Library
Vivian Harsh Research Collection
of Afro-American History and Literature
The Illinois Writers Project: "Negro in Illinois" paper
Finding Aid by Michael Flug, Senior Archivist
Robert Miller, Curator


Notes on the format of the Finding Aid
Research notes and draft chapters in the Illinois Writers Project/"Negro in Illinois" Papers are arranged according to the sequence of chapters in the projected book on African American history and culture in Illinois. Where the materials for a projected chapter occupy more than one box, they are continued in the immediately following boxes.

This collection is described at the folder level. Descriptions of folder contents are, where possible, taken from headings on the research materials.

The names of researchers responsible for the contents of each folder, if known, are included in brackets after the folder description.

The inclusive dates during which the research work was performed follow the names of the researchers. Numbers in parentheses (bold) indicate the number of pages included in each folder.

INTRODUCTION BOX 01

1. Contents pages for "God's Country: The Negro Comes to Illinois," working title for "The Negro in Illinois" project (1941). (3)2. "Synopsis," chapter descriptions for "The Negro in Illinois" project (1941). (10)
3. Contents page for "Negro Exposition" booklet (1940). (1)
4. "A Historical Sketch of the Negro in American Politics." Draft of booklet text written for the American Negro Exposition, Diamond Jubilee Exposition Authority, Chicago (1940). [Alvin N. Cannon, 5/13/40] (14)
5. "Mary McLeod Bethune." Draft of booklet text written for American Negro Exposition (1940). [Mathilda Bunton] (7)
6. "Maggie Lena Walker." Draft of booklet text written for American Negro Exposition (1940). (7)
7. "Charlotte Hawkins Brown." Draft of booklet text written for American Negro Exposition (1940). (5)

STRANGERS-- FIRST, THE FRENCH BOX 02

1. "First, the French." Two drafts of an essay summarizing research on Jean Baptiste Point DuSable, and on 18th and early 19th century African-American history in Illinois. [Arna Bontemps(?)] (22) 2. "The Negro in Illinois. Strangers." Bibliography. (1)
3. "Chicago and Its Settlement." Excerpt from Chicago and Its Settlements, by A.T. Andreas. [M.L. Garner] (2)
4. "Chicago's First Settler and Property Owner." Summary of material on "Jean Point De Saible" from A Brief History of the Negro in Chicago by John L. Tilley. [Lillian Harper. 10/1/41] (7)
5. "De Saible," by Frank L. Hayes. Poem issued by National De Saible Memorial Society, May 20, 1933. (1)
6. "The De Saible Cabin." DuSable Memorial Society. (2)
7. "McLean County. History and Anthropology." Reference to DuSable. [Robert E. Conners] (1)
8. Interview with Annie E. Oliver, National DuSable Memorial Society, Inc. [Ann Williams. 1/29/41] (2)
9. "Jean Baptiste Point du Saible, the first Chicagoan," by Thomas A. Meehan, in Mid-America: An Historical Review 19(2). (17)
10. "The First Citizen of Chicago." Information summarized from Milo M. Quaife, Checagou. [A. Williams. 1/30/41- 2/6/41] (14)
11. "Some Historical Facts About Jean Baptiste Point DeSaible," excerpts from booklet published by the National DuSable Memorial Society. [A. Williams. 1/29/41] (16)
12. "Christmas in Old Fort Dearborn, 1803-04," Chicago Chronicle, Dec. 19, 1898. [Roy McGookin] (2)
1. "Slavery." Third draft of essay summarizing research on the history of slavery in Illinois. Bibliography included. [Fenton Johnson] (20)
2. "Slavery." Second draft of essay, with footnotes and critical comments by IWP editor. [Fenton Johnson] (23)

STRANGERS-- SLAVERY BOX 03

3. "Slavery." First draft of essay, with footnotes and critical comments by IWP editor. [Fenton Johnson] (39) 4. "Slavery." Fragments of early drafts of essay. [Fenton Johnson(?)] (28)
5. "Synopsis: Slavery." Fragments of essay draft. (4)
6. Essay on the early history of African-Americans in Illinois, from DuSable, through slavery, to "how the Negro was treated just after emancipation." Untitled manuscript. [Fenton Johnson. 1/1/41] (35)
7. "The Marrow in the Bone." Draft essay for "American Guide Series: Macomb," by W.D. Trowbridge. A history of the anti-slavery controversy in Macomb, Illinois. (64)
8. Summary of "Sketch of Edward Coles," by Elihu Washburn. [Josephine Culpepper] (20)
9. Notes on "Edward Coles, Dec. 15, 1786- July 7, 1868." [Leonard Pearson, Edward Condon. 11/28/40] (17)
10. "Edward Coles, Second Governor of Illinois: Correspondence with Rev. Thomas Lippincott." [George D. Lewis. 12/6/40] (4)
11. "Madison County, Edward Coles (Anti-Slavery)." [Eugenia Prange. 6/6/36] (2)
12. "Letters of Edward Coles," from Journal of Negro History; notes on Coles' life. [J. Simms, L. Pearson, O. Hill] (33)
13. "The Jefferson-Lemen Compact," paper read before the Chicago Historical Society, 1915, by Williard C. MacNaul. On James Lemen and Thomas Jefferson. [Josephine Copeland, L. Pearson. 11/18/40- 12/27/40] (34)

STRANGERS -- SLAVERY (cont.) BOX 04

1. "Benjamin Lundy: Abolitionist," 1789-1839. (14) 2. "Hooper Warren," 1790-1864. (3)
3. "Biography of Richard M. Young, 1796-1861." [Emily Brennan. 8/27/40] (5)
4. "Madison County, Illinois: George Churchill." (4)
5. Excerpts from "An Appeal to the People of Illinois on the Question of a Convention," by Morris Birbeck, July, 1823. [O. Hunter. 1/20/41] (12)
6. "Albion. Birbeck-Flowers." Biographical notes on Morris Birbeck and George Flowers. (6)
7. "Interview with Mr. Arthur Whiteside, 94 year old Negro." Interview held in East St. Louis, Illinois. [Edward M. Harris] (2)
8. "Relic of the Old South," Inter-Ocean, Oct.,1888. Article on "the last slave ship." [Julius Simms. 6/30/41] (2)
9. Notes on Zabina Eastman, 1815-1883. [E. Jennings. 4/17/41] (4)
10. "Slavery in Illinois." Notes on slave labor from History of Negro Servitude in Illinois, by N. Dwight Harris. (1)
11. "First man to be sold in Chicago bought by Negro." [L. Harper. 10/1/41] (2)
12. Arrest of runaway slaves, Thebes, Illinois, 1856. Information from Cairo Weekly Times. [Flora H. Sedberry. 7/10/41] (2)
13. "The Negro Book," Edwardsville, Illinois, 1831. "A Register of Papers Belonging to Free Persons of Color." [Earl Good. 1/14/42] (16)
14. Notes on the Illinois Constitutions of 1818 and 1848 on slavery. (5)
15. "The Disciples of Christ--Their Attitude Towards Slavery."[George Lewis. 12/9/40] (3)
16. "History--Champaign County, Illinois." (1)
17. "Peter Cartwright." (1)
18. "Beginnings of slavery in the Illinois country." [Onah Spencer. 10/17/40] (3)
19. "Slavery or Involuntary Servitude in Illinois Prior to and After its Admission as a State," by O.W. Aldrich. [George Lewis. 12/6/40] (6)
20. "The Negro a Political Issue in Early Illinois History." [O. Spencer] (6)
21. "Biography of John Reynolds." [E. Brennan. 9/5/40] (1)
22. "Runaway slaves," arrested in Alexander County, Illinois, 1852. [F. Sedberry. 6/16/41] (3)
23. "Decisions of Superior Court, Negro Slave Girl." [E. Brennan. 9/5/40] (1)
24. "From the inventory of the county archives--Vermillion County, Illinois." Notes on slavery and salt mining. (4)
25. Biographical sketches of John Reynolds, Frank Dunn, Gustavus Koerner, and John Grammar. [Grace Levy, E. Brennan. 11/7/39- 4/11/40] (4)
26. Notes on abolitionism in Peoria, 1856-61. [Eugene Covington] (1)
27. Notes on Dred Scott. (2)
28. News articles on slavery. Information from Chicago Democrat Press, 1855. [M.L. Garner. 12/26/40] (14)
29. News articles on slavery. Information from Chicago Times, 1855-1884. [George Lewis, M.L. Garner, Eugene Covington, L. Pearson. 12/20/40- 6/3/41] (40)
30. "Shooting of Negroes at Harpeth Shoals," 1863. Information from Peoria Daily Transcript. [E. Covington. 5/21/41] (2)
31. "The Black Laws." Information from Harpers Weekly Review, 1865. [O. Spencer, Mary L. Garner. 11/4/40] (5)
32. News articles on slavery. Information from Chicago Evening Journal, 1874-1885. [Joseph Bougere, Edward Goodfellow. 2/21/41- 4/25/41] (10)
33. News articles on slavery. Information from the Inter Ocean, 1876-1903. [O. Spencer, William H. Parham, M.L. Garner, J.C. Simms, Bertha Swindall, Preston Bowie, Joseph Bougere, George Coleman Moore, William Page, Bernice Hall, E. Jennings. 1/31/41- 12/23/41] (62) 34. "Slavery in Illinois First Existed at Old Town of St. Phillip." Article in East St. Louis Journal, 1918. [Olive Hill] (5)

STRANGERS -- ABOLITION BOX 05

1. "Abolition." First draft of essay summarizing "Negro in Illinois" research. Two typescript versions of this draft are included, as well as critical notes by an IWP supervisor. [Joseph Bougere] (57) 2. "Abolition." Second draft of essay on abolitionism. Two typescript versions of this draft are included, as well as further critical notes by an IWP supervisor. [Joseph Bougere] (47)
3. "Abolition." Third draft of essay on the abolitionist movement in Illinois. Two typescript drafts of this essay are included. [Joseph Bougere] (40)
4. Draft of essay (fragment) on aspects of abolitionist struggle: "Kidnaping," "Political Aspects," "Anti-Slavery Press," "Rights." (7)
5. "Abolition." Fragment of a much longer essay draft. Includes section entitled "Later Abolitionists: Lincoln, Fred Douglass and others." [Laurence Dunbar Reddick] (50)
6. Biographical sketches of "Elijah P. Lovejoy (Nov. 9, 1802- Nov. 7, 1837)." Three brief accounts of Lovejoy's life and death. (13)
7. Excerpt from Civil Liberty in the United States, by Leon Whipple, on "The Martyrdom of Elijah Lovejoy." [M.L. Garner. 1/8/41] (2)
8. Excerpts from The White Side of a Black Subject, by Rev. Norman B. Wood, on Lovejoy. [L. Harper] (24)
9. Notes on "The Killing of Elijah Lovejoy;" "Alton Trials," "Lovejoy-MacIntosh, 1833," "Alton-Madison County." [Eugenia Prange, S. Fagin, Viola Edwards, Laura Largo. 1936-41] (34)
10. Notes on "Riots at Alton," "Lovejoy (Abolitionist Indicted)," "History of the Presses." [M.L. Garner, Julius Simms, S. Fagin, E. Prange. 1936-41] (18)
11. "And If I Die," by James Phelan. Fragment of manuscript on Lovejoy written earlier for IWP. [J. Phelan] (20)
12. Notes on the Lovejoy Monument, erected in Alton, Illinois in 1897. Includes information from Inter-Ocean (1895), and script for tour of the monument. [V. Edwards, B. Swindall. 1936-41] (19)
13. "Owen Lovejoy (1811-1864)." Notes on brother of Elijah Lovejoy and Illinois congressman. [Grace Levy. 4/15/40] (11)
14. "Biography of Lyman Trumbull." Information from History of Illinois, by E.F. Dunne. [E. Brennan. 12/14/39] (13)
15. "Timothy Webster." Notes from information at Graceland Cemetery. [Luther Townsley. 9/15/41] (1)
16. "Edward Beecher." Notes on life of abolitionist at Illinois College. (1)
17. "Ichabod Codding," clergyman and anti-slavery lecturer. (2)
18. "Justice Frank K. Dunn," (Knox County). [E. Brennan. 4/11/40] (1)
19. "Dr. Charles Volney Dyer, b. 1808 in Vermont." Notes on Chicago physician and underground railroad manager. (2)
20. "Lemual Covell Paine Freer, b. New York, 1813." Notes on Chicago lawyer and abolitionist. (1)
21. "Knox County." On anti-slavery controversy in Galesburg. (2)
22. "A Sketch of the Sturdy Abolitionist, John Hassock." Excerpts from essay by Rev. John H. Ryan. [G. Lewis. 12/9/40] (15)
23. Notes on abolitionism during the Civil War. Information from Carbondale Times and Peoria Daily Transcript, 1863-65. [E. Covington. 5/21/41- 6/3/41] (3)
24. "The Abolitionists. First Reunion of the Old Guard." Excerpts from report on the meeting, held June, 1874, and announcement in Chicago Evening Journal, Aug. 28, 1874. [J. Bougere. 3/17/41.]
25. "Report on Anti-Slavery Reunion," Newport, Indiana, from Chicago Evening Journal, Oct. 17, 1874. [J. Bougere. 4/10/41] (1)
26. Article on bill abolishing slavery in District of Columbia, Chicago Times, April 5, 1862. [G. Lewis. 12/30/40] (1)
27. "The Anti-Slavery Fight." Notes on chapter by St. Clair Drake in Churches and Voluntary Associations in the Chicago Negro Community (1940). [A. Williams, E. Jennings] (3)
28. Notes on news articles in Inter Ocean, 1879-1906, on old abolitionists in the post-Reconstruction period. [J. Simms,W. Page,B. Hall. 1/28/41- 5/29/41] (6)
29. "Academic Freedom," from The Story of Civil Liberty in the United States, by L. Whipple, 1856. [M.L. Garner. 1/10/41] (14)

STRANGERS-- ABOLITION (continued) BOX 06

1. "New York Correspondence of the Whig." Quincy Whig, June, 1851. Article on Frederick Douglass and Sen. Stephen Douglass. [Eunice Jennings. 4/17/41] (1) 2. "The Douglas-Douglass Debate." Notes on 1854 event which not materialize. (2)
3. "Advancement." On Frederick Douglass, from Peoria Daily Transcript, March 24, 1865. [E. Covington. 6/3/41] (1)
4. On Frederick Douglass, from Quincy Whig, May 6, 1868. [E. Jennings. 4/2/41] (1)
5. Articles on F. Douglass, 1874. On John Brown, Freedmen's Savings Bank, and St. Augustine, from Chicago Evening Journal, Feb. 3- June 12, 1874. [J. Bougere. 2/21/41- 3/20/41.] (3)
6. On Douglass's lecture on John Brown, Jan. 4, 1875. Information from articles in Inter Ocean, Chicago Evening Journal. [James Council. 12/30/40] (8)
7. On Douglass's appointment as U.S. Marshall for the District of Columbia. Notes on eight brief articles, 1875. [J. Council. 1/6/41- 1/28/41] (8)
8. "Anecdote of Fred Douglass." Inter Ocean, Mar.21, 1877. [J. Council. 1/22/41] (2)
9. "Confirmation of Fred Douglass." Excerpts from Inter Ocean, March 21, 1877. (1)
10. "The Colored People." Speech by F. Douglass, from Inter Ocean, Feb. 16, 1878. [J.C. Simms. 3/8/41] (1)
11. "Fred Douglass at his old home." From Inter Ocean, Dec. 19, 1878. [J.C. Simms. 3/8/41] (2)
12. Articles on F. Douglass in Inter Ocean, Jan. 1879- Oct. 1883. Includes information on Douglass's role in 1880 presidential campaign. [J.C. Simms, W. Page. 1/30/41- 3/12/41] (7)
13. "His Work in Indiana." On Sept. 1880 tour by Douglass. [W. Page. 2/4/41] (1)
14. "The Colored People." On Douglass's view of 1883 "colored men's convention." [W. Page. 2/26/41] (2)
15. Notes on F. Douglass, 1885, from Inter Ocean and Chicago Evening Journal, Jan. 1885-May, 1885. [W. Parham, E. Goodfellow. 2/7/41-5/2/41] (5)
16. Notes on F. Douglass, 1886, from Inter Ocean, Feb. 1886- Dec. 1886. Includes account of Douglass's vision of the "future of the colored race." [G. Moore. 3/27/41- 4/23/41] (12)
17. "Fred Douglass in Paris." From Inter Ocean, Feb. 13, 1887. [G. Moore. 4/23/41] (2)
18. "Not the Negro, But the Nation." On speech by F. Douglass in Philadelphia, from Inter Ocean, Jan. 4, 1889. [M.L. Garner. 1/27/41] (2)
19. Notes on F. Douglass, 1889-1890, from Inter Ocean, July 1889- Oct. 1890. Includes account of abolitionists? reunion. [M.L. Garner. 1/30/41- 2/20/41] (5)
20. "Just How They Feel Toward Harrison and Reid." Articles from Inter Ocean, June 15, 1892, on African-American delegates to Republican Party convention. [M.L. Garner. 3/6/41] (2)
21. "Bade Him Farewell." On meeting honoring F. Douglass at Quinn Chapel, from Inter Ocean, Dec. 5, 1893. [B. Hall. 5/29/41] (3)
22. Notes on F. Douglass, 1893-94, from Inter Ocean, Aug.1893- Nov. 1894. [B. Hall. 5/21/41- 5/26/41] (5)
23. On F. Douglass's death, funeral and memorial meeting, from Inter Ocean, Feb. 22, 1895- May 20, 1895. [B. Swindall. 2/4/41-2/18/41] (10)
24. On article in Christian Witness, 1847, a British magazine, on discrimination experienced by Douglass aboard a ship. [B. Swindall. 2/5/41] (1)
25. "Negroes Plan to Honor Douglass," Inter Ocean, March 9, 1914. [B. Hall. 6/27/41] (2)
26. "The Branded Hand." Excerpts from letter by Douglass, on his remembrances of Jonathan Walker, a former slave. [J.C. Simms. 2/27/41] (1)

STRANGERS-- UNDERGROUND RAILROAD BOX 07

1. "The Underground Railroad." Two drafts of an essay summarizing research on the Underground Railroad in Illinois. [Arna Bontemps(?)] (51) 2. "The Railroad to Freedom." Fragment of an essay draft. Part of a major study of the abolitionist movement. [Laurence Dunbar Reddick] (18)
3. "The Underground Railroad by William Still as abstracted by Louise Henry." Focuses on stories of Peter Still and Seth Concklin. [L. Henry] (11)
4. Summary of The Underground Railroad from Slavery to Freedom, by Wilbur Siebert. [Herman Dixon. 4/4/41] (9)
5. "The Meaning of the Underground Railroad." Essay on the Underground Railroad. Appended is information on death of James Kelley, of Normal, Ill., from Inter Ocean, Oct. 23, 1895. [B. Swindall. 3/24/41] (5)
6. "The Illinois Underground Railroad." Excerpts from Negro Servitude in Illinois, by N. Dwight Harris. [L. Pearson] (2)
7. "An Address on the Illinois Underground Railroad, by Doctor O.L. Schmidt." [G. Lewis. 11/25/40] (10)
8. "The Underground Railroad of McDonough County, Illinois," by D.N. Blazer, Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, Oct. 1922. [Herman Dixon. 3/27/41] (24)
9. "Underground Railroad Terminal" in Knox County, Illinois. [David H. Scott] (2)
10. "The Underground Railroad" in Will County. [C.E. White] (4)
11. "Underground Railroad" in Tazewell County. Notes from articles in Peoria Daily Transcript, Sept. 5, 1842. [E. Covington] (4)
12. "Interesting Point of Randolph County: The Underground Railway." (6)
13. "History of American Mysteries, Daughters of Jerusalem and the Underground Railroad." Notes on Black troops in the Civil War, and on "Underground Railroad Letters." (2)
14. "The Underground Railroad: Jacksonville, Illinois." Essay drawn from "Historic Morgan and Classic Jacksonville," by Charles D. Eames. [Jennie Oggs. 9/2/41] (6)
15. "The Underground Railroad in Quincy, Illinois and vicinity." [Laura Richardson] (6)
16. Interview with Benjamin Henderson, Underground Railroad conductor in Southern Illinois. Fragment only. (4)
17. "General Tubman on the Combahee." Essay drawn from I Bring You General Tubman, by Earl Conrad. [O. Spencer. 12/3/41] (26)
18. Underground Railroad advertisement. From The Western Citizen, July 13, 1844. (1)
19. "A Fugitive Sought in Chicago." Article from Chicago Daily Democrat Press, Aug. 14, 1855. [M.L. Garner. 12/40] (1)
20. "H.O. Wagoner." Notes on the career of Underground Railroad activist, from Men of Mark, by William J. Simmons. [L. Harper. 9/22/41] (17)
21. "The Underground Railway at Cairo, Illinois." [John J. Sheard. 9/18/41] (2)

STRANGERS -- LINCOLN AND THE NEGRO BOX 08

1. "Lincoln and the Negro." First draft of essay summarizing "Negro in Illinois" research on this subject. Five typescript versions of this essay are included. [Robert Lucas] (47) 2. "Lincoln and the Negro." Second draft of essay summarizing research. [R. Lucas] (12)
3. "Lincoln and Douglas: Position on Slavery." [Clarence Bertiaux] (3)
4. "Quincy Pioneers." Notes on early African-American settlers of Quincy, Illinois, and on Lincoln-Douglas speeches there. [L.B. Richardson] (4)
5. "The New Abolitionists and the Copperhead," by Arthur Charles Cole. Notes on article in Centennial History of Illinois. [M.L. Garner. 1/15/41] (4)
6. Notes on A. Lincoln and African-Americans, taken from articles in the Chicago Evening Journal and the Inter Ocean, 1885-1901. [E. Goodfellow, M.L. Garner, B. Hall, O. Hunter. 2/10/41- 6/13/41] (11)
7. "An Abolition Trial." Notes on trial of "Black Nance" in Pekin, Illinois, 1839. [E. Covington. 7/31/41] (4)
8. Notes on William de Fleurville (Florville), Lincoln's barber in Springfield. Includes interview with Mrs. S.A. Ware and material from Early Settlers of Sangamon County, by John Carroll Power. [Clarence A. Fricke] (10)
9. Memorandum from C.A. Fricke to Arna Bontemps, April 2, 1942, on De Fleurville research. [C. Fricke] (1)
10. Anecdotes from Lincoln's campaigns, 1850-54. Information on Madison and Champaign County. (3)
11. Notes on John R. Eden, from Quincy Whig, May 11, 1868. [E. Jennings. 4/3/41] (2)
12. "Some Interesting Reminiscences of the Martyr President," by Leonard Swett, 1876. [Joseph O'Neal. 1/10/41] (1)

PROMISED LAND -- JOHN BROWN'S FRIEND BOX 09

1. Critique of draft of chapter on John Jones. Author and date unknown, as is name of critic. Text of the chapter has not been found. (6) 2. "Document of Freedom issued to John Jones at Edwardsville, Madison County, Illinois," Nov. 28, 1844. [Edward A. Neal] (1)
3. "County Affairs," Inter Ocean, Nov. 17, 1874. On John Jones's role in the building of the Cook County Courthouse. [J. O'Neal. 1/7/41] (1)
4. "Chicago's Most Distinguished Colored Citizen. He Celebrates the Thirtieth Anniversary of His Arrival in Chicago," Chicago Evening Journal, Mar. 11, 1875. On John Jones. [J. Bougere. 5/1/41] (16)
5. Speech(?) on "John Jones, 1816-1879)." Author and date unknown. Fragment only. (1)
6. Notes from "Harris' bibliography on Negro Servitude in Illinois." References on John Jones. (1)
7. "No Fraud," Inter Ocean, Oct. 7, 1874, Article on County Commissioners meeting. [J. O'Neal. 1/2/41] (1)
8. "Third Ward Colored Citizens," Inter Ocean, Oct. 27, 1874. [J. O'Neal. 1/2/41] (1)
9. "An Anti-John Jones Demonstration Among the Colored Citizens of the South Side," Inter Ocean, Sept. 22, 1875. [James Council. 1/21/41] (1)
10. "A Colored Man's Complaint," Inter Ocean, Mar. 20, 1877. [J. Council. 1/21/41] (1)
11. "John Jones and the Black Law." Fragment only. [L. Harper] (1)
12. "Funeral of John Jones," Chicago Tribune, May 24,1879. [Edward Neal] (1)
13. Notes on John Jones from burial site at Graceland Cemetery. [Luther Townsley. 9/15/41] (1)
14. "Chicago Negro Aristocrats." Essay by Fenton Johnson. Includes comments on Mrs. John Jones (Mary J. Richardson). [Fenton Johnson. 6/18/41] (5)

PROMISED LAND -- LEAVE A SUMMER LAND BEHIND BOX 10

1. "Leave a Summer Land Behind." First draft of an essay summarizing research on early African-American migration from the South. Two typescript versions are included. [Jack Conroy] (24) 2. "Leave a Summer Land Behind." Second draft of essay summarizing research on this subject. [J. Conroy] (19)
3. "Cemeteries in Chicago area. Lincoln Cemetery (colored." [William Page] (1)
4. "Colored People in Indiana," Quincy Whig, Nov. 1850. Anti-African-American resolutions at Indiana constitutional convention. [E. Jennings. 4/15/41] (1)
5. "Future of the Negro," Inter Ocean, Aug. 3, 1893. On conditions in the South. [B. Hall. 5/22/41] (2)
6. Notes on Chicago's oldest African-American women, Inter Ocean, 1902, 1911. [J. Simms, O. Spencer. 5/8/41- 6/4/41] (2)
7. Colonization proposals for African-Americans, 1858-1902. Information from Inter Ocean, Chicago Evening Journal, Central Illinois Gazette [Ethel Chase, J. Simms, W. Page, Joseph Hussion, M.L. Garner, B. Hall, O. Hunter. 1/29/41- 5/22/41] (8)
8. "The Drag of Talent out of the South." Information from Who's Who in America, 1932-33 [M. Bunton] (2)
9. Notes on the end of Reconstruction, from Inter Ocean, Chicago Evening Journal, Mar. 1877- Feb. 1885. [J. Council, Edwin Bevines, E. Goodfellow, M.L. Garner. 1/22/41- 4/16/41] (7)
10. Notes on "Exodus from the South," 1852-1906. Information from Quincy Whig, Inter Ocean, Chicago Evening Journal. [E. Jennings, J. Simms, J. Hussion, W. Page, B. Hall. 2/4/41- 5/2/41] (38)
11. "Population distribution of Negroes." Essay by Caroline A. Lloyd. Also included are notes on population trends from Chicago Evening Journal, Chicago Herald, Inter Ocean. [Caroline A. Lloyd, B. Hall. 6/25/36- 7/2/41] (6)
12. "Negro Exodus (Strong Letter from John Brown, Jr.)," Inter Ocean, May, 1879. [J. Simms. 3/26/41] (3)
13. "Migration of Blacks." Inter Ocean, May, 1875. [J. Council. 1/9/41] (6)
14. Notes on African-American migration to Kansas, 1878-89. Information from Inter Ocean, 1878-89. [J. Simms, W. Page, M.L. Garner. 1/22/41- 3/22/41] (4)
15. Notes on migration to Oklahoma. Information from Chicago Evening Journal, Inter Ocean, April 1881- April, 1891. [J. Hussion, M.L. Garner. 2/21/41- 5/13/41] (3)
16. "Negro Migration to Cities Fatal." Chicago Evening Journal, Aug. 28, 1874. [J. Bougere. 4/3/41] (4)
17. "The Negro Exodus." On migrants in Chicago, from Inter Ocean, April, 1879- Jan., 1880. [W. Page, J. Simms. 1/23/41- 3/22/41] (4)
18. "Negro Migration," Chicago Evening Journal, Dec. 1874- May, 1875. [J. Bougere. 4/3/41] (3)
19. African-Americans in Shawneetown, Illinois. From Local Record, June, 1886.
20. "A Sketch of the Life of George Washington, Colored," by O.B. Hamilton, Jerseyville, Illinois, July, 1910. [G. Lewis. 12/6/40] (9)
21. "Two Negro Missionaries to the American Indian." Notes on article in Journal of Negro History, 1936, by Arthur Schomburg. (7)
22. The "Vorhees Committee (Senate Committee to Investigate the Colored Exodus," from Inter Ocean, Chicago Evening Journal, Jan., 1880- Dec., 1880. [W. Page, J. Hussion, J.C. Simms. 1/22/41- 4/24/41] (38)
23. Notes on Jackson County, Illinois. (2)
24. Notes on Madison and Madison County, Illinois. [E. Harris] (7)
25. "Racial Trends- Drafts." Analysis of African-American population trends in Illinois, county-by-county. [Marian Johnson. 3/9/36] (47)
26. "Edwards County: Racial Elements." (1)
27. "Kankakee County." [Eugene M. Graveline] (1)
28. Interview with Mr. and Mrs. Elmnm, African-American couple in downstate Illinois (community unnamed). (12)
29. "Negro Farmers." Interview with Thomas Allen, Jacksonville, Illinois. [Jeanie E. Oggs] (7)
30. "Old Census Reports or Estimates," from National Archives of the Colonies, 1732 and 1752. [W. Page] (1)
31. "Political History of Pike County." [Edward R. Boyd] (1)
32. "Colp, Illinois." Recollections of William Wade, an ex-slave. [8/19/41] (1)
33. "Soph Huggins." Brief biography of an African-American woman in Bloomington, Illinois. (7)
34. "Present-day Negroes of Belleville, Illinois." [Mildred Druzich] (6)
35. Notes on Brooklyn (Lovejoy), Illinois, a majority-Black town. [Ethel Chase, J. Simms, Eleanor Falconer, J. Oggs] (8)
36. Notes on "The Chicago Negro Community, a Statistical Description," by Mary Elaine Ogden, and on "Statistical Data and Specific Factors." [A. Williams, O. Spencer. 2/28/41] (8)
37. Notes on African-American migration, from Chicago Evening Journal, Inter Ocean, Chicago Tribune, 1874- 1908. [J. Bougere, J. Simms, J. Hussion, A. Williams. 3/31/41- 5/22/41] (12)
38. "Mary Elizabeth Atkinson Henderson," Chicago. (1)
39. "Old Settlers." Interviews with Gertrude Davis, Lucy McNeil, Senator William E. King, Joan Snowden, Bell Harper Graves Fountain, Martha Dawson, L.J. Booker, Alderman William B. Dawson, and Charles Ligget, Chicago. [Fanny C. Davidson, Bernard Edwards, Eloyse Cannon. 1/18/37- 5/17/37] (42)
40. "Colp, Illinois." Interviews with African-American residents. [Juanita Henson. 8/19/41] (8)
41. African-Americans in Chicago, 1862-68. Information from Chicago Times, Quincy Whig. [G. Lewis, E. Jennings. 1/6/41- 4/7/41] (6)
42. On "the rise of the Negro in Chicago," Chicago Daily News, July 9, 1941(?). [Edward Joseph] (4)
43. Notes on African-Americans in East St. Louis, from East St. Louis Journal, 1876-1921. [Olive Hill, E. Harris. 10/21/41] (13)
44. "Present-Day Negroes of East St. Louis." [M. Druzich] (4)

PROMISED LAND-- LEAVE A SUMMER LAND BEHIND (cont.) BOX 11

1. "Jacksonville, Illinois. Early History." [J. Oggs. 7/2/41- 9/4/41] (4) 2. "One Solution for the Problem (Rockford, Illinois)," Inter Ocean, 1894. (1)
3. Notes on African-Americans in Springfield and Sangamon County, Illinois. [W.R. Wood, W. Page. 3/20/41] (6)
4. Notes on African-Americans in Champaign County, Illinois. [Marian Johnson, Ethel Chase. 3/7/36- 8/20/41] (4)
5. Early Black presence in Vandalia, St. Clair County. [A.Williams. 4/15/41] (1)
6. Interview with Louis King, farmer, Villa Ridge, Illinois. [Nannie Glenn] (1)
7. African-American population in Pulaski County, Illinois. (1)
8. "Cairo would not be Cairo without some excitement," article on 1939 publication of Maud, by Richard Lee Strout. [A. Williams] (1)
9. Interviews with "Old Negro Settlers," Mound City, Illinois. [N. Glenn] (4)
10. "The Story of Cecelia Johnson," [Fenton Johnson. 6/18/41] (8)
11. "Interview with Dr. J. Spurgeon Morris, Dentist," Chicago. [Wilhelmina Warfield. 1/10/38] (8)
12. "Interview with Mrs. Mary Rantey of Carr-Island, Illinois. [Edward Harris.] (2)
13. "Troy Porter," Edgar County, Illinois. Information from Men of Mark, by William Simmons. (2)
14. Notes on racial separation proposals in Inter Ocean, 1893, and in 49th Compass, 1936. [L. Pearson, E. Jennings] (3)
15. "A Colored Man's Protest," Inter Ocean, April, 1876. (3)
16. Notes on portrayals of African-Americans in newspapers, 1872-1897. Information from Chicago Republican, Chicago Evening Journal, Harrisburg Chronicle-Sentinel, Inter Ocean. [J. Bougere, E. Goodfellow, L.P. Holstein, J.R. Brown. 4/1/38- 3/16/42] (25)
17. "Colored People Crowded," Inter Ocean, July, 1902. [J. Simms. 5/26/41] (1)
18. "The Negro's Part in the Early Settlement of Chicago," Inter Ocean, Nov., 1904. [J. Simms. 6/25/41] (1)
19. "Color and Passing." Essay on "the color line within the race." [M. Bunton. 6/4/41] (7)
20. Notes on The White Side of a Black Subject, by Norman B. Wood, 1896. [L. Harper] (5)

PROMISED LAND -- RISING BOX 12 1. "The Colored School," Peoria Weekly Transcript, May 30, 1867. On attempt to establish a separate African-American school. (3) 2. "Americanization (Negro Education)." Essay by Fenton Johnson. [F. Johnson. 4/15/40] (13)
3. "Modern Bricks Without Straw. New Sensation in Manual-Training." Essay based on interviews with C. Rosenberg-Foster, teacher at DuSable H.S., Chicago. [Kitty Chapelle] (29)
4. "Outline of the Historical Development of Negro Education in the United States of America." Essay by Alvin N. Cannon. [A. Cannon] (26)
5. Notes on legislation affecting African-American education, from Inter Ocean, 1874-1914. [J. O'Neal, O. Hunter, B. Hall, J. Simms. 12/30/40- 6/24/41] (8)
6. Notes on "advancement of the colored people," Inter Ocean, 1893-1914. [B. Hall, B. Swindall. 4/7/41-6/27/41] (6)
7. Notes on African-American colleges and universities, Inter Ocean, 1876-1905. [J. O'Neal, O. Hunter, B. Hall, J. Simms. 1/10/41- 6/19/41] (7)
8. Notes on desegregation of schools, 1874, 1906, 1911. Information from Chicago Evening Journal, Inter Ocean. [J. Bougere, W. Page. 2/28/41- 4/23/41] (4)
9. Notes on issues in African-American education. Information from Chicago Evening Journal, Inter Ocean, 1874-1914. [J. Bougere, J.C. Simms, W. Page, G. Moore, M.L. Garner, L. Pearson, B. Hall. 1/21/41- 5/29/41] (34)
10. "Fisk University," Inter Ocean, 1878, 1906. [J. Simms, W. Page. 3/10/41- 3/24/41] (3)
11. "Hampton Institute," Inter Ocean, 1885-1910. [W. Parham, B. Swindall, Preston Bowie. 2/6/41- 3/17/41] (9)
12. "People" active in African-American education, 1874-1911. Information on W.E.B. DuBois, Edward M. Blyden, Roscoe Bruce, and others, from Chicago Evening Journal, Inter Ocean. [L. Pearson, J. Council, L. Holstein, M.L. Garner, B. Swindall, J. Simms. 10/17/40- 3/17/42] (25)
13. "The Providential Significance of the Negro in America," an address by Rev. E.H. Merrill, as printed in Inter Ocean, Oct. 30, 1879. [J. Simms. 4/23/41] (6)
14. Notes on segregation and African-American education, 1870-1910. Information drawn from Champaign County Gazette, Chicago Evening Journal, Inter Ocean, Chicago Tribune, Chicago Record-Herald. [Ethel Chase, J. Bougere, J. Simms, W. Page, G. Moore, M.L. Garner, B. Swindall, L. Stinette, E. Jennings, B. Hall. 4/11/39-7/1/41] (37)
15. Notes on Tuskegee Institute and the "Tuskegee system." Information from Inter Ocean, Chicago Tribune, Chicago Record-Herald, 1892-1915. [M.L. Garner, B. Hall, B. Swindall, H.L. Upschultz, W. Page, O. Spencer, L. Holstein. 4/11/39- 7/1/41] (37)
16. Notes on Booker T. Washington, 1892-1912. Information from Inter Ocean, Chicago Tribune, Chicago Record-Herald; excerpts from speeches are included. [M.L. Garner, B. Hall, B. Swindall, H.L. Upschultz, W. Page, E. Jennings, O. Hunter, P. Bowie. 4/11/39- 6/19/41] (70)
17. "Gifts to Wilberforce University," Inter Ocean, Dec., 1888. [J. Simms. 7/8/41.] (1)
18. "William Eve Holmes." [L. Harper. 10/1/41] (2)
19. "Alton race war," Chicago Record, 1897. [W. Parham. 12/10/40] (1)

PROMISED LAND -- RISING (cont.) BOX 13

1. Notes on legislation concerning African-Americans in schools, from Chicago Evening Journal, Inter Ocean, 1874-75. [J. Bougere, V. Lipchitz, J. Council. 1/2/41- 2/24/41] (13) 2. "A History of Negro Education in Illinois: Bibliography and Questionnaire," by Alonzo J. Bowling. [A. Bowling. 5/20/38] (22)
3. "A History of Negro Education in Illinois," by Alonzo J. Bowling. [A. Bowling. 7/25/38] (6)
4. "The Policy of the Separation and Segregation of the Negro in the Public School System of Illinois," by Alonzo J. Bowling. [A. Bowling. 8/5/38] (10)
5. "A History of Negro Education in Illinois: Problems of Negro Education," by Alonzo J. Bowling [A. Bowling. 8/9/38] (12)
6. "A History of Negro Education in Illinois: The Blind Leads the Blind," by Alonzo J. Bowling. [A. Bowling. 8/30/38] (4)
7. "A History of Negro Education in Illinois: the Origin of Tax-Supported Schools for Negroes," by Alonzo J. Bowling. [A. Bowling. 9/13/38] (3)
8. "A History of Negro Education in Illinois: Origin of Tax-Supported Schools for Negroes in the U.S.," by Alonzo J. Bowling. [A. Bowling. 9/30/38] (8)
9. "A History of Negro Education in Illinois: Public Schools for Negroes in the North," by Alonzo J. Bowling. [A. Bowling. 9/30/38] (5)
10. "A History of Negro Education in Illinois: Educational Problems of the Negro in the U.S.," by Alonzo J. Bowling. 10/4/38-12/2/38] (49)
11. "A History of Negro Education in Illinois: the Child," by Alonzo J. Bowling. [A. Bowling. 11/18/38] (17)
12. "A History of Negro Education in Illinois: the Separate School Situation," by Alonzo J. Bowling. [A. Bowling. 12/6/38- 12/27/38] (22)
13. "A History of Negro Education in Illinois," by Alonzo J. Bowling. [A. Bowling. 12/30/38] (4)
14. "A History of Negro Education in Illinois: Educational Problems of the Negro in the U.S.-- the Separate School Situation in Illinois: the Chicago Schools," by Alonzo J. Bowling. [A. Bowling. 1/6/39- 1/20/39] (29)
15. "From the Report of the Illinois Commission on the Condition of the Urban Colored Population," 1941. Fragment only. (1)
16. Notes on educational associations in Chicago, 1893-1907. Information from Inter Ocean. [M.L. Garner, L. Pearson, S. Wasserman. 9/13/38- 6/18/41] (6)

PROMISED LAND -- RISING BOX 14

1. Notes on school segregation controversy in Alton, Illinois, 1890-98. Information from Chicago Tribune, Chicago Times-Herald, Chicago Evening Post, Inter Ocean. C.C. Ferguson, A. Sterling, J. Simms. 4/20/39- 3/19/42] (8) 2. Notes on education in Belleville, 1874-75. Information from Chicago Evening Journal, East St. Louis Weekly Press. [J. Bougere, O. Hill. 3/6/41] (3)
3. Notes on education in Brooklyn, Illinois, 1872. Information from People's Gazette. [Eleanor Falconer. 12/19/41] (2)
4. Notes on education in Cairo, Illinois, 1867-92. Information from Cairo Democrat, Cairo Bulletin, Inter Ocean. [Anna Casey, Ann Williams, Flora Sedberry. 3/28/41- 10/22/41] (12)
5. "The Beginning, 1853-1900," education in Cairo. Essay by Lloyd W. Owens. [L. Owens] (12)
6. Notes on education in Carlinville, Illinois, 1879. Information from Chicago Tribune. [Griffith. 1/31/39] (1)
7. Notes on adult education in Chicago, 1870, 1897, 1902. Information from Chicago Evening Post, Inter Ocean. [T. Pikowsky, S. Wasserman, J. Simms] (3)
8. Notes on Chicago schools, from Chicago: Its History and Its Builders. [Mabel Thorne] (2)
9. Leaflet issued by Chicago Teachers Union, probably 1937. (2)
10. Notes on desegregation of Chicago schools, 1881, 1895, 1905. Information from Inter Ocean, Chicago Times-Herald. [W. Page, E. Diehl. 8/29/38- 6/6/41] (4)
11. "Education of the Negro in Chicago," by M. Henry Pitts. [Mathilde Bunton. 6/7/41] (10)
12. "Labor Survey," an interview with Mary Herrick, DuSable H.S., former president of Federation of Women High School Teachers, June, 1937. Also included is pamphlet on "High School Education in Chicago," May, 1934, issued by the Federation. [Harry Jones. 6/11/37] (22)
13. "Chicago Negro Children are Smart." Essay on results of IQ test. [O. Spencer. 1/3/41] (10)
14. "Negro Teachers," by Harold F. Gosnell, in Negro Politicians, 1935. [A. Williams. 3/5/41] (4)
15. Notes on African-Americans at Northwestern University, 1901-1906. [O. Hunter, J. Simms, W. Page. 2/28/41- 6/11/41] (6)
16. "People, 1879-1920." Notes on African-Americans in education, including Rev. M.E. Strieby, Ida Platt, Charles Winter Woods. [Luther Townsley, B. Hall, B. Swindall. 11/29/38- 9/17/41] (17)
17. "Pioneer School Teachers." Information from "Wonder Book," Washington Inter-Collegiate Club of Chicago. [A. Williams] (1)
18. Notes on "The Policy of Segregation of the Negro in the Public Schools of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois," by Mame Charlotte Mason, 1917. [Josephine Copeland. 12/31/40] (8)
19. Notes on "Public School Teachers," in The Negro in Chicago, published by the Chicago Commission on Race Relations, 1922. [Paschal. 12/12/40] (11)
20. Notes on the Chicago Public Schools, 1880-1917. Information from Chicago Tribune, Chicago Evening Journal, Chicago Evening Post, Inter Ocean. Also included is information on Illinois Technical School for Colored Girls. [Griffith, L. Pearson, Adeline Sterling, B. Swindall, J. Westbrooks, J. Simms, O. Spencer, B. Hall, O. Winkfield, Janie Lee Smith. 7/11/38- 9/2/41] (40)
21. Notes on segregation and racism in Chicago schools, 1864-1915. Information from Chicago Times, Inter Ocean, Times-Herald. [B. Hall, M.L. Garner, P. Bowie, Svenson, L. Stinette, J. Simms. 7/7/38- 7/1/41] (31)
22. Notes on African-Americans at the University of Chicago, 1896-1907. Information from Inter Ocean. [J. Simms, W. Page, B. Hall, Svenson. 8/29/38- 3/16/42] (17)
23. "Clinton (Illinois) abolishes segregated schools," Chicago Evening Journal, May, 1874. [J. Bougere. 3/7/41] (1)
24. Notes on Colp, Illinois schools, including interview with principal of Colp H.S. [Juanita Henson. 8/19/41] (5)
25. Notes on Danville, Illinois schools, from Inter Ocean, Sept., 1902. [J. Simms. 6/2/41] (1)
26. "Whites and Blacks at East Carondelet, Ill. Struggling for Supremacy," Chicago Tribune, May, 1897. [Louise Stinette. 10/17/40] (1)
27. Notes on African-Americans in East St. Louis schools, 1867-1940. Information from East St. Louis Gazette, East St. Louis Weekly Press, St. Clair Tribune, East St. Louis Herald, East St. Louis Daily Journal, Inter Ocean. [E. Falconer, O. Hill, A. Williams. 3/11/41- 2/2/42] (58)
28. Notes on Attucks school, East St. Louis. Information from East St. Louis Call, Daily Journal, 1930, 1942. [Edward Harris, E. Falconer. 2/6/42] (3)
29. Notes on Denverside, Rush City and Robinson schools in East St. Louis, from interview with M.V. Lucas. [E. Harris, Pauline Lewis. 1/26/42] (2)
30. Notes on Douglass H.S., East St. Louis. Information from school employees. [E. Falconer. 12/19/41] (8)
31. Notes on Dunbar school, East St. Louis. [P. Lewis, E. Harris. 1/27/42] (16)
32. Notes on East St. Louis Lincoln H.S., 1867-1941. [E. Falconer, P. Lewis, E. Harris. 1/7/42-2/11/42] (40)
33. Notes on Golden Garden school, Edgemont Station (ESL). [P. Lewis. 1/27/42] (2)
34. Notes on "Jaycee Radio Quiz," East St. Louis, 1941. [E. Falconer. 2/18/41- 4/25/41] (6)
35. Notes on Eldorado Normal and Industrial School, 1899-1902. Information from Chicago Tribune, Inter Ocean. Includes message from Gov. Yates to Saline County sheriff Baxter on failure to protect African-Americans at the school. [E. Jennings, J. Simms. 5/18/39- 4/14/42] (18)
36. Notes on Galesburg, Illinois schools, Inter Ocean, Jan., 1873. [McGookin] (1)
37. Notes on Harrisburg, Illinois schools, Harrisburg Chronicle, Sept., 1883. [Juanita Henson] (1)
38. Notes on Illinois College, Jacksonville, from Chicago Evening Journal, Oct., 1874. [J. Bougere. 4/9/41] (1)

PROMISED LAND -- RISING (cont.) BOX 15

1. "The George Washington Fund," Jersey County, Illinois. Information from Crisis, Feb., 1917. [O. Spencer. 1/3/41] (1) 2. Notes on Lincoln, Illinois schools, Quincy Whig, May, 1868. [E. Jennings. 4/4/41] (1)
3. Notes on WPA schools in Marion, Illinois. [Beulah DeVard] (5)
4. Notes on Livingston Normal and Industrial Institute, Metropolis, Illinois, 1905, and on African-Americans in Metropolis, 1941. [Ethel Chase. 9/3/41- 10/1/41] (4)
5. Notes on Newport, Illinois schools, Chicago Evening Journal, April, 1874. [J. Bougere. 3/6/41] (1)
6. "First Colored Graduate of Normal," Champaign County Gazette, July, 1876. [E. Chase] (1)
7. Notes on "Negro Schools in Peoria," 1861. [E. Covington] (2)
8. Notes on Princeton, Illinois schools, Chicago Evening Journal, June, 1877. [Robert Hunter. 7/7/38] (2)
9. Notes on Quincy, Illinois schools, 1868-1885. [E. Jennings, E. Goodfellow, Griffith. 1/24/39- 4/23/41] (6)
10. Notes on Shawneetown, Illinois schools, 1883-86. (5)
11. Notes on Springfield, Illinois schools, 1855-1923. [J. Oggs, Florence Lome, B. Hall, M.L. Garner. 7/6/39- 7/10/41] (9)
12. Notes on Thebes, Illinois schools, 1869. [A. Casey. 9/3/41] (1)
13. Notes on Urbana/Champaign, Illinois schools, 1870, 1905, 1940. Includes report on "Negro Students at the State University," by Albert R. Lee, June 25, 1940. [E. Chase] (29)
14. Notes on Venice, Illinois schools, 1942. [E. Harris. 1/8/42] (1)
15. Outline history of African-American education. Draft for an essay by Alvin N. Cannon. [A. Cannon] (13)
16. "History of Study." Analysis of African-American youth in Chicago on the National Youth Administration (NYA) training program, 1937-40. [Andrew Paschal] (38)
17. Notes on Jones school, Chicago. (1)
18. Notes on education in the South. Information from Chicago Evening Journal, Inter Ocean, 1874-76. [J. Bougere, O. Spencer. 4/1/41- 9/16/41] (3)
19. "Bill Arp's Views of the Negro," Chicago Evening Journal, Feb., 1885. [E. Goodfellow. 4/15/41] (2)
20. "Sojourner Truth Lectures," Inter Ocean, Aug., 1879. [J. Simms] (1)
21. "Perry's Negro Lieutenant Describes Scene at Pole," Inter Ocean, Sept., 1909. [W. Page. 6/26/41] (1)
22. "Negro Year Book Now on Sale," East St. Louis Daily Journal, Feb., 1936. [O. Hill] (1)
23. Notes on Negro Americans: What Now?, by James Weldon Johnson, 1935. [J. Copeland. 1/22/41] (1)
24. Notes on Captain John Robinson, East St. Louis. Information from East St. Louis Daily Journal, Feb., 1936. [O. Hill] (2)
25. "Beginning of the Chicago Public Library." [L. Harper] (1)
26. Notes on Alexander L. Jackson, President of Provident Hospital (1939?). [L. Harper] (1)
27. "Rising," a fragment, including title page, of the essay summarizing "Negro in Illinois" project research on African-American education. The remainder of the essay has not been found. (2)

PROMISED LAND -- CHURCHES BOX 16

1. "Outline of the History of the Negro Church in America," essay by Alvin N. Cannon. [A. Cannon. 3/25/40] (11) 2. Notes on Churches and Voluntary Organizations in the Chicago Negro Community, by St. Clair Drake, and on "The Attitude of Negro Pastors in Chicago Toward Christian Education," by Davis Rice Hedgley. [Robert Lucas, Fenton Johnson, L. Pearson] (27)
3. Notes on History of the African Methodist Episcopal Church (1891), by Daniel A. Payne. [F. Johnson] (4)
4. Notes on the African Methodist Episcopal Church, 1875-1910. Information from Inter Ocean, Chicago Evening Journal. [J. Council, M.L. Garner, J. Bougere, B. Hall, B. Swindall, J. Simms, P. Bowie. 1/6/41- 6/14/41] (30)
5. Notes on African-American churches as portrayed in the white press, 1864-1904. Information from Inter Ocean, Chicago Evening Journal. [J. Simms, J. Bougere, W. Parham, G.C. Moore. 2/25/41- 6/13/41] (16)
6. Notes on the American Missionary Association, 1878-1895. Information from Inter Ocean. [L. Townsley, J. Simms. 2/21/41- 9/17/41] (13)
7. Notes on Baptist churches, 1874-1895. Information from Inter Ocean, Chicago Evening Journal. [J. Bougere, W. Parham, B. Swindall. 1/31/41- 4/7/41] (11)
8. Notes on the Colored (Christian) Methodist Episcopal Church, 1874-1910. Information from Chicago Evening Journal, Inter Ocean. [J. Bougere, W. Parham, P. Bowie. 2/24/41- 3/18/41] (7)
9. Notes on the National Congregational Council, from Inter Ocean, 1904. [J. Simms. 6/24/41] (1)
10. Notes on the Episcopal Church, 1885-1893. Information from Chicago Evening Journal, Inter Ocean. [E. Goodfellow, W. Parham, M.L. Garner, B. Hall. 1/29/41- 5/27/41] (7)
11. Notes on interdenominational issues, 1893-1915. Information from Inter Ocean, Chicago Daily News. [B. Hall, B. Swindall, O. Hunter, Lulu Holstein. 2/25/41- 5/21/41] (10)
12. Notes on preachers, 1874-1906. Includes biographical material on Rev. Henry Brown of Springfield, Illinois. Information from Inter Ocean, Chicago Evening Journal. [J. Bougere, J. Simms, E. Goodfellow. 2/24/41- 4/24/41] (18)
13. Notes on the Presbyterian Church, 1877-1923. Information from Inter Ocean. [J. Council, J. Simms. 1/31/41- 7/10/41] (7)
14. Notes on the Roman Catholic Church, 1874-1902. Information from Chicago Evening Journal, Inter Ocean. [J. Bougere. E. Goodfellow, J. Simms. 1/27/41- 7/8/41] (7)

PROMISED LAND -- CHURCHES (cont.) BOX 17

1. Notes on Wood River Baptist Association, 1874-1941. Information from Book of Memory, edited by Rev. E.D. Little, and from Inter Ocean, Chicago Evening Journal. [J. Bougere, O. Spencer, B. Swindall, E. Chase. 7/31/39- 6/13/41] (16) 2. Notes on Morning Star Free Will Baptist and Ward Chapel A.M.E. churches in Cairo, Illinois. [John J. Sheard. 7/26/41] (45)
3. Notes on the African Methodist Episcopal Church in Cairo. [J. Sheard, Anna Casey, F. Sedberry. 9/3/41- 10/27/41] (25)
4. Notes on early Baptist churches in Cairo, 1869-73. [A. Casey, F. Sedberry, Effie Kansden. 8/25/41- 10/15/41] (7)
5. Notes on Mt. Moriah Missionary Baptist Church in Cairo. [B. Hall. 6/2/41] (10)
6. Notes on New Hope Free Baptist Church in Cairo. (14)
7. Notes on First Missionary Baptist Church in Cairo. [8/19/41] (10)
8. Notes on Mt. Carmel Missionary Baptist Church in Cairo. (8)
9. Notes on Paul's Chapel Baptist Church in Cairo. (4)
10. Notes on Church of God in Christ in Cairo. [J. Sheard. 8/3/41] (3)
11. "The Negro Church in Champaign-Urbana, Illinois." Essay by Milford Draine. [M. Draine. 10/20/36] (17)
12. Notes on Salem Baptist Church in Champaign. [E. Chase] (2)
13. "History of Bethel A.M.E. Church (Urbana, Illinois). Essay prepared by Research Committee, Oct., 1938. [E. Chase. 9/18/41] (15)
14. "Survey of Negro Churches in East St. Louis (Illinois)." Essay by Edward Harris. [E. Harris] (19)
15. Notes on St. John's A.M.E. Zion Church in East St. Louis. Information from East St. Louis Daily Journal, April, 1925. [O. Hill] (2)
16. Notes on J. Alex Brown, Y.M.C.A. secretary in East St. Louis. Information from East St. Louis Daily Journal, Jan., 1920. [Pauline Lewis] (1)
17. Notes on "Americanism program" in East St. Louis. Information from East St. Louis Daily Journal, Feb. 1941. [E. Falconer] (1)
18. Notes on revival meetings in Centralia, Illinois, 1886-87. Information from Inter Ocean. [G. Moore. 4/4/41-5/5/41] (3)
19. Notes on African-American churches in Decatur, Illinois, 1886-88. [G. Moore, J. Simms. 4/7/41- 6/27/41] (3)
20. Notes on "Historic Second Baptist Church" in Galesburg, Illinois. [J. Oggs. 7/28/41] (4)
21. Notes on churches in Harrisburg, Illinois. Information from Harrisburg Chronicle-Sentinel, 1883. [J. Henson. 8/19/41] (6)
22. Notes on African-American churches in Jacksonville, Illinois. Information from Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois, "Historic Morgan and Jacksonville," by C. Eames. [J. Oggs, O. Spencer, L. Pearson. 5/1/41- 7/23/41] (12)
23. Notes on Mount Emory Baptist Church in Jacksonville. [J. Oggs. 7/23/41] (9)
24. Notes on A.M.E. church in Kewanee, Illinois, 1899. Information from Quincy Journal. [R.P. Soffraw. 4/12/39] (1)
25. Notes on African-American churches in Marion, Illinois, 1941. [Beulah DeVard, Juanita Henson. 7/27/41- 9/19/41] (15)
26. Notes on churches in Moline, Illinois. Information from the Chicago Republican, 1872. [Ardis Harris. 4/1/38] (1)
27. Notes on African-American churches in Mounds, Illinois, 1865-1941. [B. DeVard, Will Benneham. 6/9/41- 9/19/41] (9)
28. Notes on African-American churches in Peoria, 1846-1941. [E. Covington. 6/27/41] (7)
29. Notes on African-American churches in Quincy, Illinois. [Laura Richardson, J. Bougere. 4/28/41] (4)
30. Notes on African-American churches in Shawneetown, Illinois, 1881-86. Information from Local Record. (8)
31. Notes on the African Methodist Episcopal Church in Springfield, Illinois, 1897-98. Information from Inter Ocean, The Leader. [B. DeVard, J. Simms. 4/16/40- 3/20/42] (4)

PROMISED LAND -- CHURCHES (cont.) BOX 18

1. "The Negro Church in Chicago," essay summarizing Cayton-Warner research study, Churches and Voluntary Associations in the Chicago Negro Community, by St. Clair Drake, 1940. The section included here centers on social and political organizations in the African-American community, including the National Negro Congress and the Council of Negro Organizations. (27) 2. Notes on History of the Negro Church, by Carter G. Woodson, and on Churches and Voluntary Associations in the Chicago Negro Community, by St. Clair Drake. (4)
3. Notes on preachers in Chicago, 1886-1935. Includes biographical information on Joseph W. Evans, Lucy Smith, Harold Kingsley, J.D. Davis, L.K. Williams, D.L. Moody, and Amanda Smith. Sources include Herbert M. Smith's "Three Negro Preachers in Chicago," 1935. [J. Copeland, J. Henson, O. Hunter, W. Page, G. Moore, L. Holstein. 12/30/40- 10/1/41] (34)
4. Notes on African Methodist Episcopal churches in Chicago, 1894-1907. Information from Inter Ocean. [B. Hall, O. Hunter, W. Page. 2/28/41- 6/18/41] (3)
5. Notes on Ada Street Methodist Episcopal Church, 1879. Information from Inter Ocean. [J. Simms. 4/30/41] (3)
6. Notes on Bethel A.M.E. Church, Chicago, 1890-1924. [M. Garner, J. Bougere, B. Hall, A. Williams, E. Jennings. 2/18/41- 6/3/41] (9)
7. Notes on Institutional A.M.E. Church, Chicago, 1900-1941. [O. Hunter, O. Spencer, E. Jennings. 2/14/41- 6/9/41] (7)
8. Notes on Quinn Chapel A.M.E. Church, Chicago, 1892-1941. Information from Churches and Voluntary Associations in the Chicago Negro Community, by St. Clair Drake, the Inter Ocean, Chicago Herald. [M. Garner, Fenton Johnson, B. Swindall, O. Hunter, L. Pearson, J. Simms, A. Cannon, B. Hall, J. Copeland. 6/3/38- 10/1/41] (50)
9. Notes on St. Mary's African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) Church, Chicago. [A. Williams, E. Jennings] (3)
10. Notes on St. Stephen's African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) Church, Chicago. [A. Williams, E. Jennings] (3)
11. "Trying to Save Their Church," article on A.M.E. Zion Church, Chicago, from Inter Ocean, Dec., 1896. [J. Copeland. 3/27/42] (1)
12. Notes on "The Anti-Slavery Fight," in Churches and Voluntary Associations in the Chicago Negro Community, by St. Clair Drake. [A. Williams., E. Jennings] (3)
13. Notes on "The Colored Christian Society," Inter Ocean, April, 1889. [M.L. Garner. 1/29/41] (1)
14. Notes on Baptist Conventions in Chicago, 1915. Information from Chicago Daily News, Inter Ocean, Negro Baptist History, USA, by Lewis Jordan. [L. Holstein, Fenton Johnson, B. Hall, O. Spencer. 4/25/41- 6/10/41] (16)
15. Notes on Berean Baptist Church, Chicago. [E. Jennings. 6/18/41] (8)
16. Notes on Bethesda Baptist Church, Chicago. Included is biographical information on Rev. James Podd. [A. Williams, W. Page, E. Jennings, J. Copeland, G. Moore. 3/5/41- 3/27/42] (12)
17. Notes on Burning Bush Baptist Church, 1904. Information from Inter Ocean. [J. Simms. 6/9/41] (1)
18. Notes on Ebenezer Baptist Church, Chicago. [A. Williams, E. Jennings] (3)
19. Notes on Hermon Baptist Church, Chicago. [A. Williams, E. Jennings] (5)
20. Notes on Institutional Baptist Church, Chicago. Information from Inter Ocean, June, 1903. (1)
21. Notes on Olivet Baptist Church, Chicago. Information from Inter Ocean, Chicago Daily News, Men of Mark. Includes biographical information on Rev. Jesse Freeman Boulden. [J. Simms, B. Swindall, J. Council, J. O'Neal, J. Bougere. 1/6/41- 10/1/41] (36)
22. Notes on African-American protest against racist remarks by a white Baptist preacher, 1895. Information from Inter Ocean. [B. Swindall. 2/22/41] (8)
23. Notes on Providence Baptist Church, Chicago. Information from Drake, Churches and Voluntary Associations in the Chicago Negro Community. [A. Williams, E. Jennings] (1)
24. Notes on Salem Baptist Church, Chicago. [A. Williams, E. Jennings] (2)
25. Notes on South Park M.E. (Hartzell) Church, Chicago. [A. Williams] (2)
26. Notes on Pilgrim Baptist Church, Chicago. [A. Williams, E. Jennings] (2)
27. Notes on St. John's Baptist Church, Chicago. [A. Williams, E. Jennings] (1)
28. Notes on St. Paul C.M.E. Church, Chicago. [A. Williams, E. Jennings, J. Copeland] (10)
29. Notes on St. Thomas P.E. (Episcopal) Church, Chicago. [E. Jennings] (5)
30. Notes on the Methodist churches, Chicago, 1879-1915. Information from Inter Ocean, Chicago Daily News, Chicago Evening Journal. [J. Simms, L. Holstein, M. Garner, J. Bougere. 2/13/41- 5/1/41] (5)
31. Notes on St. Mark Methodist Episcopal Church. Information from "Souvenir Program, St. Mark M.E. Church, Chicago." [A. Williams, E. Jennings] (5)
32. Scenes at Butler Mission (Chicago)," Inter Ocean, Dec. 1900. [O. Hunter. 2/14/41] (2)
33. Notes on Trinity Mission, Chicago, 1905. Information from Inter Ocean. [B. Hall. 3/10/41] (3)
34. "The History of Grace Presbyterian Church,"Chicago. [Josephine Copeland. 6/18/41] (9)
35. Notes on the Roman Catholic Church in Chicago's African-American community. Information from Inter Ocean, 1893- 1912. [O. Hunter, B. Hall, O. Spencer. 2/14/41- 6/11/41] (9)
36. Notes on St. Monica's/St. Elizabeth's Roman Catholic Church, Chicago. Includes biographical information on Father Augustine Tolton, the first African-American priest in the U.S. Information from Chicago Daily Globe, Inter Ocean, Chicago Herald. [L. Pearson, O. Spencer, A. Williams, E. Jennings, B. Hall. 4/21/38- 6/2/41] (11)
37. Notes on Second Baptist Church of Evanston, Illinois. Information from Inter Ocean, 1893. [B. Hall. 6/9/41] (1)

PROMISED LAND -- SOLDIERS BOX 19

1. "Soldiers." Draft of an essay summarizing research on African-American soldiers in Illinois, 1863-1940. [Arna Bontemps] (19) 2. Bibliographies on the Eighth Regiment of Illinois. [Alonzo J. Bowling, Edward Joseph, Benjamin Jack. 3/13/40- 6/20/40] (67)
3. Notes on History of the Illinois National Guard from the Organization of the First Regiment, Sept. 1874 to the Enactment of the Military Code, May 1879, by Holdridge O. Collins. [O. Hunter. 6/12/40] (17)
4. Notes on Negro soldiers in Churches and Voluntary Organizations, by St. Clair Drake. [A. Williams, E. Jennings] (4)
5. "Report on Research into History of the Hanibal Guards." Essay by Cassel C. Goss. [C.C. Goss. 6/10/40] (12)
6. "National Guard of the United States: Naval Militia, State of Illinois." A report on research into the Eighth Regiment. [1940] (35)
7. Notes on "The Eighth Illinois," by Corporal W.T. Wood. [William Parham. 4/2/40] (15)
8. Notes on "The Organized Militia in the State of Illinois, 1893-98," published by U.S. Adjutant General's Office, Military Information Bureau, 1898. [O. Hunter. 6/25/40] (2)
9. Excerpt from "Record of Events, the Ninety-Third Division (Provisional)," Historical Section of the War College, USA. [O. Hunter] (12)
10. Notes on "History of the Eighth Infantry Regiment in Illinois National Guard," in Pictorial Exhibition of Negro Achievement, 1917-1918. [B. Hall. 1940] (4)
11. Notes on "Eighth Illinois in the World War (370th)" in History of the American Negro in the World War, by W. Allison Sweeney. [O. Hunter. 5/26/40] (19)
12. "Roster of the Commissioned Officers of the Eighth Illinois," issued by the Office of the Adjutant General of Illinois, Nov. 15, 1905. [O. Hunter. 6/16/40] (21)
13. "Roster of the Eighth Illinois for 1908," issued by the U.S. Adjutant General. [O. Hunter. 6/16/40] (6)
14. "Roster of the Illinois National Guard on the Mexican Border," issued by the Adjutant General, Illinois, 1916-17. [O. Hunter. 1940] (12)
15. Rosters from The Eighth Illinois, by W.T. Goode, 1899. [Edward Joseph] (16)

PROMISED LAND -- SOLDIERS (cont.) BOX 20

1. "The Negro Soldier," essay by Edward Joseph. [E. Joseph] (10) 2. "Soldiers: 1865-1913." Essay by George Coleman Moore. [G. Moore] (54)
3. "Jackson and His Negro Soldiers," article in Central Illinois Gazette, Nov. 20, 1861. (2)
4. Notes on African-American soldiers, 1861-65. Information from Chicago Times, Peoria Daily Transcript, East St. Louis Sunday Herald. [George D. Lewis, E. Covington, E. Falconer. 5/22/41- 12/12/41] (8)
5. Notes on African-American soldiers, 1866. Information from Cairo Daily Democrat. [F. Sedberry. 8/11/41] (2)
6. "Quincy (Illinois) Soldiers in the Civil War." (4)
7. "Bounty and Pensions." A speech to the House of Representatives, Thomas Boles, Congressional Globe, March 3, 1873. [W. Parham. 5/10/40] (18)
8. Notes on African-American soldiers, 1874-76. Information from Chicago Evening Journal, Inter Ocean. J. Bougere, O. Spencer. 4/8/41- 9/20/41] (8)
9. Notes on African-American soldiers, 1877-79. Topics include Pres. Hayes' inauguration, Colored Troops in Texas, Georgia, and Illinois, Gen. Grant at Milliken's Bend. Information from Inter Ocean, Cairo Bulletin. [J. Council, F. Sedberry, J. Simms. 1/20/41- 10/30/41] (29)
10. Notes on Illinois National Guard encampment, United States Army and Navy Journal, A Weekly, May-Sept., 1879. [O. Hunter. 6/30/40] (10)
11. Notes on African-American soldiers, 1880-84. Topics include parade of First Brigade in Chicago, African-American cadets at West Point, monument to African-American soldiers in Washington, D.C. Information from Chicago Evening Journal, Army and Navy Journal and Gazette, Inter Ocean. [J. Hussion, O. Hunter, W. Page. 7/40- 5/7/41] (12)
12. Notes on African-American soldiers, 1885-88. Topics include Civil War casualties, further news on attacks on colored cadets at West Point, the Chicago Light Infantry (Colored), the Fifty-Third Illinois in the Civil War, Gen. Grant's funeral. Information from Chicago Evening Journal, Inter Ocean, Army and Navy Journal and Gazette. [E. Goodfellow, B. Hall, O. Hunter, W. Parham. 7/?/40- 7/7/41] (16)
13. "Colored Troops Barred Out," Inter Ocean, July 23, 1887. On the decision to bar African-American soldiers from a National Military Encampment in Chicago. [G. Moore. 5/7/41] (1)
14. Notes on African-American soldiers, 1893-95. Topics include the appointment of the first Negro Army Chaplain, Bishop H.M. Turner, the controversy over admitting a battalion of African-American troops to the National Guard, and the "Buckner Bill," which authorized a battalion of "colored troops." Information from Inter Ocean, Chicago Tribune. [B. Hall, L. Pearson, B. Swindall, A. Cannon. 7/9/40- 6/18/41] (24)
15. Notes on African-American soldiers, 1896-97. Topics include activities of John Brown Post No. 50, G.A. R., re-organization of the Ninth Battalion into the Eighth brigade. Information from Inter Ocean, Army and Navy Journal and Gazette. [O. Hunter, B. Swindall. [7/?/40- 4/5/41] (8)
16. Notes on African-American soldiers in the Spanish-American War period, 1898-99. Topics include the declaration of war, Danville and Bloomington, Illinois formation of "Company H, Ninth Battalion," North Carolina's raising of an African-American regiment, reports of incident in Lakeland, Florida where Black soldiers protested the "color line," appointment of Capt. John Marshall as commander of Ninth Battalion, and the mustering out of Eighth Illinois. Information from Inter Ocean, Chicago Record, Champaign Daily Gazette, Chicago Daily News, Chicago Evening Journal. [W. Parham, O. Hunter. 10/?40- 1/29/41] (26)

PROMISED LAND -- SOLDIERS (cont.) BOX 21

1. Notes on African-American soldiers, 1900-1902. Topics include "the Negro as soldier," news of John Brown Post, G.A.R. at Quinn Chapel, a meeting on Black soldiers with Gen. A.S. Burt, and Paul Laurence Dunbar. Information from Illinois State Journal, Inter Ocean. [J. Oggs, J. Simms, O. Hunter. 2/14/41- 6/4/41] (19) 2. Notes on African-American soldiers in the Phillippines, 1906. Information from Inter Ocean. [W. Page, B. Hall. 2/10/41- 3/26/41] (2)
3. Notes on the aftermath of Brownsville, Texas protest by African-American soldiers, 1906-07. Information from Inter Ocean. [W. Page, Caro, B. Hall, P. Bowie. 2/13/41- 7/1/41] (17)
4. Notes on African-American soldiers, 1907-09. Topics include re-enlistment of discharged soldiers of the 25th Infantry involved in the Brownsville incident, hostility toward members of the Eighth Regiment in Springfield, Illinois at Camp Lincoln. Information from Inter Ocean. [Caro, B. Hall, W. Page. 2/11/41- 6/24/41] (16)
5. Notes on African-American soldiers, 1910-13. Topics include Eighth Regiment fund-raising for armory, snubbing of Col. John Marshall by white officers, racial tensions in Texas following demonstrations by Black soldiers against Jim Crow, Eighth Regiment Band, service of Eighth Regiment on Mexican border. Information from Chicago Defender, Inter Ocean. [B. Hall, P. Bowie, O. Spencer. 4/16/40- 5/13/41] (29)
6. Notes on African-American soldiers, 1914-15. Topics include recruitment at Chicago churches, plans for new armory building and laying of cornerstone, departure for Camp Lincoln under Col. F.A. Denison, "Negro Soldiers and Whites Fight" at Camp Lincoln. Information from Chicago Tribune, Chicago Daily News, Inter Ocean, Chicago Defender. [B. Hall, O. Spencer, Elias McCrary. 4/?/40- 6/25/41] (44)
7. Notes on African-American soldiers, 1916. Topics include Eighth Regiment's departure for Mexican border, racist threats against men of the Eighth, refusal of white officers to salute officers of the Eighth, tensions between Black and white soldiers in Texas, parade on return to Chicago. Information from Chicago Tribune, Chicago Defender. [O. Spencer, B. Hall, M. Garner. 10/18/40- 8/9/41] (36)
8. Notes on African-American soldiers in the period of World War I, 1917-19. Topics include Navy's refusal to enlist African-Americans, recruiting for the Eighth, "Negro Troops Winning Popularity in France," returning troops greeted in East St. Louis. Information from Chicago Defender, Chicago Tribune, Crisis, East St. Louis Daily Journal. [B. Hall, Louise Henry, O. Hunter, Olive Hill, E. Harris. 4/10/40- 4/2/41] (25)

PROMISED LAND -- SOLDIERS (cont.) BOX 22

1. Notes on African-American soldiers, 1920-24. Topics include the strength of the regiment, the elevation of Col. William Betts, Eighth Regiment sports news, accidental shooting at Eighth Regiment armory. Information from Chicago Defender. [B. Hall, M. Garner. 4/?/40- 10/28-40] (8) 2. Notes on African-American soldiers, 1926-29. Topics include Col. Otis Duncan of the Eighth Regiment being accepted into the U.S. Army, completion of the Eighth Regiment monument, appointment of Dr. Spencer Dickerson as commander of Eighth Regiment. Information from Chicago Defender, Chicago Daily News. [M. Garner, Edward Joseph. 10/7/40- 10/28/40] (6)
3. Notes on African-American soldiers, 1932-35. Topics include Eighth Regiment balls, National Guard encampments, 41st annual meeting of the Eighth Regiment, probe of theft of Regiment supplies, appointment of Benjamin Merrill as Regiment Chaplain. Information from Chicago Defender, Chicago Tribune. [B. Hall, M. Garner, Raymond Watkins, O. Hunter. 7/?/40- 10/30/40] (46)
4. "The Negro in the Next War," Opportunity, May, 1938. [Mathilde Bunton] (4)
5. "National Defense and Negroes," Crisis, Feb., 1939. [M. Bunton] (3)
6. "Old Jim Crow in Uniform," by Walter Wilson, Crisis, 1939. [M. Bunton] (16)
7. "Air Pilots," Crisis, Aug., 1939. [M. Bunton] (3)
8. Notes on African-American soldiers, 1939. Topics include assignment of Capt. Wendell Derricks to officers' training, Army Day observance under Commander William Warfield, training at Camp Grant. Information from Chicago Defender. [B. Hall, M. Garner, Benjamin Jack. 5/23/39- 10/21/40] (38)
9. "The Negro at War," Opportunity, May, 1940. [M. Bunton] (4)
10. "The Negro as a Soldier," by William Armstrong, Indiana Commander. [W. Parham. 4/26/40] (2)
11. "Whose Army Is It," Crisis, June, 1940. [M. Bunton] (2)
12. Notes on African-American soldiers, 1940-41. Topics include new designation of Illinois Eighth Regiment as 184th Field Artillery Regiment, assignment of Illinois 184th to Camp Custer in Michigan for training, other training at Camp Grant and Camp Logan. Information from Chicago Defender. [M. Garner, O. Spencer. 9/18/40-8/13/41] (18)

PROMISED LAND -- SOLDIERS BOX 23

1. "Personal Reminiscences of 8th Regiment Character: Col. John R. Marshall," by Fenton Johnson. [F. Johnson. 7/25/40] (20) 2. Descriptions of funeral for Col. John R. Marshall, Oct. 9, 1940. Includes text read by Robert R. Jackson, 3rd Ward Alderman, and article on Marshall from Chicago Daily News, July 22, 1898. (46)
3. Interview with Col. John R. Marshall, conducted Feb. 26, 1933. [Harold Gosnell and Horace Cayton. 2/26/33] (12)
4. "Social Stratification," an interview with Dr. Spencer C. Dickerson, M.D., former Colonel of the 8th Infantry. Topics include Mrs. Maudelle Bousfield, conditions on Chicago's South Side, and African-American society affairs and clubs. [1/20/38] (22)
5. "We Present America's Only Colonel of State Troops," Chicago Defender, April, 1914. Information on Col. Franklin A. Denison, 8th Regiment. [B. hall. 4/?/40] (14)
6. "Robbing Negro Soldiers," Chicago Evening Journal, July 18, 1874. On Gen. Butler's conduct during the Civil War. [L. Pearson] (1)
7. Interview with Civil War Veteran, Chicago Daily Tribune, Jan. 11, 1915. [O. Spencer. 7/29/41] (2)
8. "Negro Cadet at West Point Fails to Pass Exam," Chicago Evening Journal, June, 1874. [J. Bougere. 3/21/41] (1)
9. "Eighth Regiment Characters: Reverdy C. Ransom," by Fenton Johnson. [F. Johnson. 1940] (12)
10. Notes on Col. William Warfield, from Chicago Defender, Aug., 1935, and Feb., 1939. [B. Hall. 9/20/40] (7)
11. Notes on Court Martial of Major John C. Buckner, 9th Battalion, Illinois National Guard, Nov., 1897. Information from Adjutant General's office, Springfield. [Clarence A. Fricke] (25)
12. "John R. Marshall succeeded Maj. Buckner as major of the 9th Battalion." Information from Illinois State Journal. [J. Oggs] (2)
13. Interview with Capt. James L. Hall, Medical Staff of 8th Regiment, and Supervisor of Clinics, Provident Hospital, conducted June 23, 1938. [J. Council] (9)
14. "Capt. Lewis Johnson Home Again," Chicago Defender, Sept., 1939. [M. Garner. 10/31/40] (4)
15. Notes on Lt. Colonel Lewis Johnson, from Chicago Defender, Dec., 1939. [B. Jack] (2)
16. "Politics and Military Organizations." Interview with William D. Giles, D.D.S., Chief of Oral Surgery at Provident Hospital and Lieutenant, 8th Regiment, conducted June 24, 1938. [J. Council] (26)
17. Notes on Capt. Wendell Derrick and Lieutenant Bennett Gray, from Chicago Defender, Jan. 14, 1939. [M. Garner. 10/22/40] (4)
18. Notes on Albert William Ford, member of the National Guard. [L. Harper. 10/1/41] (1)
19. Notes on Two Colored Women with the American Expeditionary Forces, by Addie W. Hunton and Kathryn M. Johnson (1920). [W. Parham. 5/31/40] (30)
20. Notes on plans for 370th Infantry to return from France. Information from Chicago Defender, April, 1919. [B. Hall] (2)
21. Notes on the death of Capt. Robert Shaw, 8th Regiment, from Chicago Defender, Jan. 14, 1928. [M. garner. 10/28/40] (2)
22. Notes on Theodore Hubbard, the first slave to join the Union Army. [C. Fricke] (2)
23. Notes on the court-martial of Lieutenant Whittaker, Inter Ocean, Mar. [W.
Page. 2/7/41- 2/10/41] (9)
24. Notes on the retirement of Major General O. Howard, from Inter Ocean, Nov. 22, 1894. [B. Hall. 6/18/41] (1)
25. Notes on Chaplain Allen Ainsworth, first African-American chaplain in the regular Army, from Inter Ocean, April, 1906. [W. Page. 4/2/41] (1)
26. Notes on Under Fire-- With the 370th Infantry, by William S. Braddan. [W. Parham. 5/14/40] (1)
27. "To Sentence Negro Trooper," Inter Ocean, 1906. [W. Page. 5/16/41] (1)
28. Notes on charges against Lieutenant Flipper, from editorial in Inter Ocean, Aug., 1881. [W. Page. 2/17/41] (1)

PROMISED LAND -- SOLDIERS (cont.) BOX 24

1. "Military Camps in Illinois. Camps in existence in 1911, used by the Illinois National Guard. [George D. Lewis] (2) 2. Notes on Camp Scott, Camp Grant, and the Great Lakes Naval Station. [G. Lewis] (12)
3. "Camp Defiance." [G. Lewis] (6)
4. "Facts About Camp Douglas." [G. Lewis] (26)
5. "Camp Lincoln." [G. Lewis. 8/21/40] (16)
6. "Camp Tanner." [G. Lewis] (4)
7. Materials searched on African-American soldiers, having no references to Eighth Illinois Regiment. [W. Parham, A. Cannon, O. Hunter. 4/12/40- 6/19/40] (26)

PROMISED LAND -- BUSINESS BOX 25 1. "Business." Draft of an essay summarizing "Negro in Illinois" project research on African American businesses prior to World War I. Fragment only. [A. Bontemps (?)] (4) 2. "Business II." Draft of an essay summarizing project research on African-American businesses during and after World War I. Marginal notes by a project supervisor are included. (20)
3. Notes on "The Negro in Business, The National Negro Business League", from Negro Year Book, 1924-25. [M. Bunton. 4/25/41] (3)
4. Notes on The Negro as Capitalist, by Abram Harris (1936). [B. Swindall] (4)
5. "First Negro Business Exposition," from Scott's Blue Book (1939). [A. Williams. 1/29/40] (2)
6. "Exposition Booklet: The Negro in Trade and Commerce." Draft of text written for American Negro Exposition, 1940. (6)
7. Notes on "The Negro in Business," from Negro Year Book (n.d.) [M. Bunton] (2)
8. Notes on "The Negro in Business: Negro Banks," from Negro Year Book (n.d.) [M. Bunton] (1)
9. Statistical analyses and narrative accounts of businesses in Chicago's South Side Black community, 1859-1938. [Goss] (46)
10. Notes on Joseph Semper, "Business in the Negro Community." Includes interviews with business owners and accounts of business practices; discussion of the church and business; Bud Billiken Parade; Chicago Negro Chamber of Commerce. [M. Bunton.] (59)
11. "Who's Who in the Colored Race." Brief biographical sketches of prominent African-Americans, probably taken from Who's Who in Colored America. [L. Harper] (50)
12. "Who's Who..." Brief biographical sketches of prominent African-Americans. [L. Harper] (8)
13. Notes on the hiring of an African-American stenographer by a Virginia shipbuilder, from Inter Ocean, June, 1895. [B. Swindall. 2/22/41] (5)
14. Notes on "Commercial and Industrial Enterprises," from The Negro in Chicago, Chicago Commission on Race Relations, 1922. [M. Bunton] (2)
15. Notes on Negro Chamber of Commerce; Parker House Sausage Company. [L. Pearson, Ardis Harris. 9/30/37- 10/18/37] (3)
16. "The Plight of the Negro Middle Class," from The Negro as Capitalist, by Abram Harris. [M. Bunton. 5/12/41] (2)

PROMISED LAND -- BUSINESS BOX 26

1. "Beauty Parlors." Report on business conditions and wages in the South Side Chicago community. [M. Bunton] (4) 2. "Project on Beauty Parlors," interview with Mr. Moore of Chicago Urban League. [M. Bunton] (1)
3. "Beauty Parlors," from interview with Grace Garnett-Abney, beauty parlor owner. [M. Bunton. 6/28/41] (6)
4. "Marguerita Ward Company, Inc." (Cosmetic company) Interview with Marguerita Ward. [A. Harris. 11/4/37] (2)
5. "Victory Life Insurance Company Re-Organized," by John L. Tilley, from A Brief History of the Negro in Chicago, 1779-1933. [M. Bunton] (1)
6. "Taverns." Essay on African-American owned taverns in Chicago, by Mathilde Bunton. [M. Bunton] (4)
7. "We Expose the Taxi-Cab Racket," pamphlet issued by Midwest Federation for Constitutional Liberties (1939?). [M. Bunton. 6/3/41] (17)
8. Notes on African-American business news, 1880-95. Information from Inter Ocean. [W. Page, L. Pearson, B. Swindall. 2/4/41-3/7/41] (5)
9. Notes on African-American business news, 1900-02. Information from Chicago Daily News, Inter Ocean. Includes information on National Negro Business League. [W. Page, O. Hunter, J. Simms. 2/14/41- 5/19/41] (9)
10. Notes on African-American business news, 1912-13. Information from Inter Ocean. [O. Spencer. 6/10/41- 6/19/41] (3)
11. Notes on the Freedmen's Bank, 1874-78. Information from Chicago Evening Journal, Inter Ocean. [J. Bougere, J. Simms, J. O'Neal. 12/30/40- 5/8/41] (8)
12. Notes "From the Colored Men's Professional and Business Directory of Chicago, published 1885 and 1886." (20)
13. "Potpourri." Essay by Fenton Johnson on prominent 19th century Chicago African-American business people. [F. Johnson. 1/6/41] (8)
14. "Interview with Edna Greene." List of Chicagoans to be visited for study. [M. Bunton] (1)
15. "Some Pioneers in Business and the Professions," essay by John L. Tilley, from A Brief History of the Negro in Chicago, 1779-1933. [M. Bunton. 4/17/41] (5)
16. "The Negro Caterer," by Booker T. Washington, from The Negro in Business (1907). [Andrew G. Paschal. 12/9/40] (3)
17. "Beauregard Fritz Moseley," interview with Bertha M. Lewis, his daughter. [L. Harper] (2)
18. "Edwin P. McCabe." [L. Harper. 10/1/41] (2)
19. "Mrs. Annie M. Pope Turnbo-Malone, Founder and Owner, Poro College. Essay by L. Harper, based on interview with Ms. Malone. [L. Harper] (4)
20. Notes on "Hominy Tom," Alton, Illinois. (1)
21. Notes on Benton, Illinois (barber shop). Information from Harrisburg Chronicle-Sentinel, 1883. (1)
22. Notes on Cairo, Illinois. Information from J.C. Lewis, Lawyer Rice, Augusta Amous. (1)
23. Notes on Cairo, Illinois (histories of African-American businesses). [Forest McClain. 10/17/41] (26)
24. Notes on Champaign, Illinois. [E. Chase] (4)
25. Notes on Colp, Illinois. [Juanita Henson] (7)
26. Notes on East St. Louis, Illinois ("Fireworks Station"). [E. Harris. 1/12/42] (2)
27. Notes on "Negro Business, Jacksonville, Illinois." [J. Oggs. 9/22/41] (10)
28. Notes on Madison, Illinois ("Newport"). [E. Harris] (2)
29. Notes on "Business, Marion, Illinois." [B. DeVard. 11/10/41] (6)
30. Notes on African-American businesses in Mound City, Illinois. [Nannie Glenn] (9)
31. Notes on African-American businesses in Peoria, Illinois. [E. Covington. 4/10/41] (14)
32. Notes on African-American businesses in Springfield, Illinois. [J. Oggs. 8/27/41] (18)
33. Notes on Wann, Illinois (Alton Junction), 1893. [E. Harris] (2)
34. Bertha Williams, "First Colored Notary" in Chicago. Information from Inter Ocean, April, 1896. [J. Simms. 3/16/42] (1)
35. Notes on Benton, Illinois. Information from Harrisburg Chronicle-Sentinel, June, 1883. [E. Harris] (1)
36. "Sam Booles (Interesting People)," Springfield, Illinois. Information from Illinois State Register, April, 1941. [J. Oggs] (2)
37. Notes on the "Little Egyptian Council for Industrial Welfare," Marion, Illinois. [B. DeVard. 11/10/41] (1)
38. "Colored Conference Closes," Inter Ocean, July, 1902. (2)
39. "The Negro Inventor and Manufacturer," by Booker T. Washington, from The Negro in Business. Includes biographical information on H.C. Haynes, of Haynes Razor Strop Company. [M. Bunton] (3)
40. "Once the Wealthiest Negro Citizen of Chicago," Inter Ocean, Dec., 1903. Information on Louis Bates. [M. Garner. 7/2/41] (2)
41. "Negro Farmers." Information from interviews in vicinity of Marion, Illinois. [B. DeVard, N. Glenn] (7)
42. Notes on Madame C. J. Walker. Information from Chicago Defender, March, 1918. [L. Harper] (4)
43. Notes on Noah Davis Thompson. [E. Neal] (1)
44. Notes on Henry Dyson, Cairo, Illinois. (1)
45. "A Sketch of the Life of Allen Johnson, Outstanding Citizen of Mounds, Illinois." (5)

PROMISED LAND -- WORK BOX 27

1. "Mob Violence," from History of Alexander, Union and Pulaski Counties, Illinois, by Perrin. On the murder of Joseph Spencer in Cairo, Illinois, 1855. [J.J. Sheard. 10/27/41] (7)
2. Notes on riots at Spring Valley, Illinois, 1895. Information from Inter Ocean, Chicago Tribune, Times-Herald. [B. Hall, A. Williams, B. Swindall, E. Diehl. 11/2/38- 6/9/41] (42)
3. Notes on Springfield, Illinois riot, 1908. Information from Inter Ocean, Chicago Tribune. [A. Williams, W. Page. 5/7/41- 6/16/41] (18)
4. Notes on East St. Louis riot, 1917. Information from Chicago Defender, East St. Louis Daily Journal. [L. Harper, O. Hill] (11)

PROMISED LAND -- "IOLA" BOX 28

1. "Iola." Draft of an essay summarizing "Negro in Illinois" project research on African-American political participation and civil liberties struggles. Essay centers on the life and work of Ida B. Wells. [A. Bontemps(?)] (12) 2. "The Negro in Politics: The Fight for Political Rights." Essay by Benjamin Jack on legal and political challenges to bars to African-American political participation from the Reconstruction period through 1940. [Benjamin F. Jack. 5/6/40] (16)
3. Notes on African-American political participation, 1874-1915. [J. Bougere, W. Page, P. Bowie, J. Simms, B. Hall. 1/31/41- 6/30/41] (18)
4. Notes on African-Americans and the Democratic Party, 1868-1915. Information from Inter Ocean, Quincy Whig, Chicago Daily News. [E. Jennings, J. Simms, B. Hall, B, Swindall, O. Hunter, Lulu Holstein. 4/7/41- 6/27/41] (11)
5. Notes on African-Americans and the Republican Party, 1875-1912. [J. Council, W. Page, J. Simms, L. Holstein, B. Hall, B. Swindall. 1/7/41- 6/19/41] (41)
6. Notes on African-Americans and Third Parties, 1908-12. Information from Inter Ocean. [W. Page, O. Spencer. 6/9/41-6/17/41] (11)
7. Notes on speech by Oswald Villard at meeting of Afro-American Council, October, 1906. Information from Inter Ocean. [W. Page. 4/25/41] (2)
8. Anti-Black sentiments reported in Northern newspapers, 1874-1903. Information from Chicago Evening Journal, Inter Ocean. [J. Bougere, J. O?Neal, M. Garner, B. Hall, W. Page. 12/31/40- 6/24/41] (18)
9. "The Negro Question Again," article on African-American suffrage in Inter- Ocean, Oct. 1895. [B. Swindall. 3/17/41] (3)
10. Notes on self-government for the District of Columbia. Information from Inter Ocean, Feb. 1875. [J. Council. 1/6/41] (2)
11. Notes on "the Southern Question." Information from Inter Ocean, 1889-90. [M. Garner. 1/29/41- 2/13/41] (3)
12. Notes on African-Americans and federal appointive office, 1874-1911. Information from Inter Ocean, Chicago Daily News, Chicago Evening Journal. [J. Bougere, E. Goodfellow, B. Hall, W. Page, P. Bowie. 2/4/41- 6/16/41] (23)
13. Notes on African-Americans and the 1896 Presidential election. Information from Chicago Tribune. [A. Cannon. 9/6/40- 9/24/40] (7)
14. Notes on Pres. Grover Cleveland and African-Americans. Information from Chicago Evening Journal, Inter Ocean. [E. Goodfellow, G. Moore. 4/4/41- 4/23/41] (12)
15. "John C. Fremont, " article in Inter Ocean, Sept. 1878. [J. Simms. 3/4/41] (1)
16. Letter from Ellen D. Burch to Pres. Rutherford Hayes, as printed in Inter Ocean, May 1877. [J. Council. 5/3/77] (5)
17. Notes on the death of Sen. Charles Sumner. Information from Chicago Evening Journal, March, 1874. [J. Bougere. 2/26/41- 2/27/41] (6)
18. Notes on Sen. P.B. S. Pinchback, 1874-79. Information from Inter Ocean, Chicago Evening Journal. [J. Bougere, J. Simms, J. O?Neal. 1/10/41- 3/13/41] (4)
19. Notes on Rep. Robert Smalls, 1878-79. Information from Inter Ocean. [J. Simms. 3/3/41-3/11/41] (4)
20. "Samuel Allen McElwee," of Tennessee. [L. Harper. 10/1/41] (1)
21. Notes on Sen. Blanche K. Bruce, 1874-91. Information from Inter Ocean, Chicago Evening Journal. [J. Bougere, J. O?Neal, J. Simms, M. Garner. 1/10/41- 3/7/41] (8)
22. Notes on African-Americans and African-American issues in the U.S. Congress, 1874-1915. Information from Chicago Evening Journal, Inter Ocean, Chicago Daily News. [J. Bougere, J. Simms, O. Spencer, B. Hall. 2/19/41- 3/8/41] (15)
23. Notes on African-Americans and politics in Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, 1878-1906. Information from Inter Ocean, Chicago Evening Journal. [J. Simms, J. Bougere, B. Hall, W. Page. 2/25/41- 5/23/41] (11)
24. Notes on African-Americans and politics in Louisiana, 1874-1912. Information from Chicago Evening Journal, Inter Ocean. [J. Bougere, P. Bowie, J. Simms, J. Council. 1/24/41- 5/23/41] (18)
25. Notes on African-Americans and politics in Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, 1874-1910. Information from Inter Ocean, Chicago Evening Journal. [B. Hall, J. Bougere, M. Garner, P. Bowie, J. Hussion. 2/12/41- 6/13/41] (25)
26. Notes on African-Americans and politics in North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Wisconsin, 1874-1910. Information from Inter Ocean, Chicago Evening Journal, Record-Herald. [M. Garner, J. Bougere, J. O?Neal, O. Hunter, J. Simms, B. Hall, P. Bowie. 1/27/41- 5/8/41] (48)

PROMISED LAND -- "IOLA" (cont.) BOX 29

1. "Politics." Draft of an essay summarizing research on African-American participation in Illinois politics. [Mathilde Bunton] (12) 2. "The Attitude of Illinois Toward Negro Suffrage." An essay concentrating on the period 1840-1865. [Herman Dixon] (14)
3. Notes on African-Americans in Illinois state government, 1877-1901. Information from Inter Ocean. [J. Council, B. Hall, E. Jennings, E. Goodfellow. 1/17/41- 6/13/41] (8)
4. Notes on the "Black Laws, 1855." Information from Chicago Daily Democrat Press. [M.L. Garner. 1/14/41] (2)
5. Notes on Illinois state African-American convention, 1880. Information from Chicago Evening Journal. [J. Hussion. 4/21/41] (1)
6. Letter from Dr. J.G. Magee supporting presidential candidacy of Senator Shelby Cullom, 1896. Information from Inter Ocean. [B.Swindall. 4/15/41] (3)
7. "Negroes a Political Issue in Early Southern Illinois History." Notes from
Journal of Negro History, 1918, 1919. [O. Spencer. 10/17/40] (2)
8. Notes on racism in Illinois legislature, 1843. Information from Quincy Whig. [E. Jennings. 3/27/41] (3)
9. "Stephen A. Douglas on the slavery question," an abstract issued by the Illinois State Central Committee. [O. Hunter. 1/3/40] (2)
10. "The Triumph of Reconstruction," statement by Republican State Convention, 1868. Information from Quincy Whig. [E. Jennings. 4/3/41] (4)
11. Notes on African-Americans in Belleville, Illinois, 1872. Information from East St. Louis Index. [E. Falconer. 12/19/41] (1)
12. Notes on African-Americans in Brooklyn (Lovejoy), Illinois, 1873-1918. Information fromEast St. Louis Gazette, East St. Louis Daily Journal. [E. Falconer, E. Harris. 12/22/41] (6)
13. Notes on African-Americans in Cairo, Illinois, 1866-1880. Information from Cairo Daily Democrat, Cairo Bulletin, Radical Rally. [F. Sedberry, A. Casey, J. Hussion, J. O?Neal. 1/2/41- 10/27/41] (33)
14. Notes on African-Americans in East St. Louis, Illinois, 1865-1916. Information from Sunday Herald, East St. Louis Gazette, East St. Louis Daily Journal. [E. Falconer, E. Harris, O. Hill. 12/12/41- 1/9/42] (15)
15. Notes on African-Americans in Galesburg, Illinois, 1887. Information from Inter Ocean. [G. Moore. 4/24/41] (1)
16. Notes on African-Americans in Nokomis, Illinois, 1881. Information from Inter Ocean. [W. Page. 2/19/41] (1)
17. Notes on African-Americans in Peoria, Illinois, 1865-1896. Information from Peoria Daily National Democrat, Peoria Daily Transcript, Champaign County Gazette, Chicago Tribune. [E. Chase, A. Cannon. 9/5/40] (11)
18. "The Negro in Politics [Peoria]." "Answers to questionnaire by LaVida E. Simpson." [L. Simpson] (11)
19. Biographical sketch of R.W. England, Mounds, Illinois [Pulaski County]. [L. Richardson] (3)
20. Notes on African-Americans in Quincy, Illinois, 1844-1868. Information from Quincy Whig. [E. Jennings] (7)
21. "Survey of Robbins, Illinois." Brief history of this predominantly Black town. [Joel Cantrell] (2)
22. Notes on African-Americans in Shawneetown, Illinois, 1880-1887. Local Record, Shawnee News. (10)
23. Notes on African-Americans in Sangamon County, Illinois (Springfield). [E. Jennings] (4)
24. "Negro Voters Rally to Small?s Support." Information from Inter Ocean, 1912. [O. Spencer. 6/2/41] (3)
25. "[Robert] Lincoln for President." Information from Inter Ocean, 1895. [B. Swindall. 2/18/41] (1)
26. Biographical information on John Paterson Green, George Washington Ellis, Albert Bailey George, Richard Edward Westbrooks, and Louis Bernard Anderson. [L. Harper] (4)
27. Notes on "first state convention of colored men," held in Springfield, 1880. Information from Inter Ocean. [W. Page. 2/4/41] (2)

PROMISED LAND -- "IOLA" (cont.) BOX 30

1. Notes on African-Americans and Chicago politics, 1874-1915. Information from Chicago Evening Journal, Inter Ocean, Chicago Daily News. [J. Bougere, J. O?Neal, J. Simms, W. Page, B. Hall, B. Swindall, P. Bowie, L. Holstein. 1/6/41- 6/17/41] (19) 2. Notes on African-Americans and the Democratic Party in Chicago, 1874-1894. Information from Chicago Evening Journal, Inter Ocean. [J. Bougere, J. Simms, B. Hall. 4/15/41- 6/28/41] (5)
3. Notes on African-Americans and the Republican Party in Chicago, 1874- 1911. Information from Inter Ocean. [J. O?Neal, J. Council, W. Page, B. Hall, B. Swindall, O. Hunter, P. Bowie. 1/2/41- 6/17/41] (45)
4. Notes on African-American churches and Chicago politics, 1883-1894. Information from Inter Ocean. [W. Page, B. Hall. 2/23/41- 6/17/41] (2)
5. Notes on African-Americans and non-party political activity in Chicago, 1875-1916. Information from Inter Ocean, Chicago Daily Tribune. [J. Council, W. Page, O. Spencer. 1/8/41- 8/5/41] (10)
6. Notes on independent African-American party in Chicago, 1906. Information from Chicago Daily News. [O. Hunter. 12/23/40] (6)
7. Notes on the "Young Men?s Fortnightly Club," in Chicago?s Third Ward, 1902. Information from Inter Ocean. [J. Simms. 6/5/41] (1)
8. Notes on the "Afro-American League of Illinois," 1902-1904. Information from Inter Ocean. [J. Simms. 5/12/41- 6/16/41] (2)
9. Biographical sketch of Edward H. Wright. (3)
10. Notes on impact of the "Brownsville Affair" on African-Americans in Chicago, 1907. Information from Chicago Record-Herald. [Caro] (5)
11. Notes on African-Americans in the First Congressional District, 1874. Information from Inter Ocean. [J. O?Neal. 1/2/41] (2)
12. Notes on First Ward Republican Club, 1888. Information from Inter Ocean. [J. Simms. 7/1/41] (1)
13. "Give-A-Damn Jones: Meeting with Louie B. Anderson (1904)." Brief essay from interview with Charles F. Jones. [Lillian Harper] (6)
14. Notes on protest meeting against atrocities in North Carolina, held at Bethel Church, 1898. Information from Inter Ocean. [J. Simms. 3/31/42] (1)
15. Notes on memorial for John R. Tanner at Olivet Baptist Church, 1901. Information from Inter Ocean. [J. Simms.] (1)
16. Notes on African-American sergeants in Chicago Police, 1897-1905. Information from Inter Ocean. [B. Hall. 2/26/41] (1)
17. Notes on African-Americans and politics, 1885. Includes information on David Hawkins, John E.W. Thompson, and on Carter Harrison?s gubernatorial campaign. [W. Parham. 2/4/41-3/6/41] (9)
18. "Politics in the Negro Community," essay by Elmer Henderson [fragment]. [Herman Dixon. 1/7/41] (1)
19. Notes on Second Ward Republican Club, 1877-1894. Information from Inter Ocean. [J. Council, J. Simms, M.l. Garner, B. Hall] (9)
20. Notes on aldermanic election in Third Ward, 1920. Information from Daily News. [W. Page. 7/8/41] (1)
21. "Governmental Services and the Negro Community," essay by Elmer Henderson on education, housing, recreation and health services in Chicago. Also included is an essay by M. Henry Pitts on "The Education of the Negro in Chicago." [Mathilde Bunton. 1/8/41-1/14/41] (24)
22. Notes on legislation on education in Illinois, 1871-1872. [Ardis Harris. 4/1/38-4/18/38] (2)
23. Notes on Negro Americans, What Now?, by James Weldon Johnson (1934). [J. Copeland. 1/31/41] (17)
24. Notes on National Colored Men?s Association, 1892. Information from Inter Ocean. [M.L. Garner. 3/10/41] (2)
25. Notes on National Negro Liberty Party, 1904. Information from Inter Ocean. [J. Simms. 6/16/41] (1)
26. Notes on a lynching and a speech by Frederick Douglass, in Columbia, South Carolina, 1889. Information from Inter Ocean. [M.L. Garner. 1/20/41] (3)
27. Notes on "elopement of a white woman with a Negro," 1866. Information from Sunday Herald (East St. Louis). [E. Falconer. 12/19/41] (4)
28. Notes on John Jones, Cook County Commissioner, 1874. [Fragment] (1)

PROMISED LAND -- "IOLA" (cont.) BOX 31

1. "The Chicago Urban League." Essay on the history, mission and current staff of the organization. Information from Journal of Negro Life in Chicago, 1941. (6) 2. "N.A.A.C.P." Essay by George Coleman Moore on the history of NAACP work in Illinois, covering the period from the Niagara Movement through 1940. Fragment only. [G.C. Moore. 5/17/41] (37)
3. "Racial Friction in Chicago." Essay by Fenton Johnson on the period from the Civil War through the 1919 riot. Also included is a fragment of an essay on "the Chicago Negro in Library Work." [F. Johnson. 1/20/41] (11)
4. Notes on civil liberties in Chicago, 1874- 1914. Information from Chicago Evening Journal, Inter Ocean. [J. Bougere, J. Council, O. Spencer, J. Simms, J. Copeland, E. Jennings, W. Page, M. Garner, B. Hall. 9/5/40- 3/17/42.] (32)
5. Notes on civil liberties in Cairo, Illinois, 1866-1871. Information from Cairo Democrat, Cairo Bulletin. [F. Sedberry. 8/22/41-9/10/41] (14)
6. Notes on civil liberties in Harrisburg, Illinois, 1883. Information from Harrisburg Chronicle-Sentinel. [Grace Levy. 3/7/40] (3)
7. Notes on the Civil Rights Act of 1874. Information from Chicago Evening Journal, Inter Ocean. [J. Bougere. 2/20/41- 5/1/41] (22)
8. Notes on civil liberties (general, with emphasis on the South), 1855- 1912. Information from Daily Press, Chicago Evening Journal, Inter Ocean. [M.
Garner, J. Bougere, J. Council, J. Simms, B. Swindall, P. Bowie. 12/40- 4/29/41] (37)

CHICAGO-- THE MIGRANTS KEEP COMING BOX 32

1. "The Migrants Keep Coming." Draft of an essay summarizing research on the new wave of African-American immigration which began during World War I. (18) 2. Interviews with Robert Mays, migrant to Chicago in the 1920s, and Hattie E. Lawrence, child of 19th century migrants. [J. Bougere, Christopher Van Buren. 7/27/37- 3/9/38] (18)
3. "On the Douglass Area." Notes on changes in the neighborhood since the migration. [Carter Ashford, Layna Rivenburgh. 5/22/38- 5/24/38] (5)
4. Essay on African-American conflict and self-organization in the early twentieth century. [Laura B. Richardson] (4)

CHICAGO-- THE EXODUS TRAIN BOX 33
1. "The Exodus Train." Draft of an essay summarizing research on African-American migration to Chicago as reported in the Chicago Defender. [J. Bougere. 5/22/42] (25)
2. "Facts on the Negro Exodus." Notes on articles in the Chicago Defender, February, 1917- June, 1917, on conditions in the South and the migration. [L. Harper] (17)
3. "Letter from an interested Southerner" (in Georgia), Chicago Defender, March 31, 1917. (2)
4. "Negro Migration in 1916-17." Notes on report by U.S. Department of Labor. [B. Swindall] (7)
5. Notes on articles on the migration in the Chicago press, including "Southerners Soon Readjusted," Chicago Daily News, April 2, 1917, and Chicago Defender, April 21, 1917. [L. Harper] (5)

CHICAGO-- SLAVE MARKET BOX 34

1. "The Negro in Illinois Industry." A series of essays on African-American workers in meatpacking and steel industries. Information from The Negro in the Slaughtering and Meat Packing Industry in Chicago, by Alma Herbst, and from The Black Worker, by Sterling Spero and Abram Harris. [Roscoe Johnson, Orange Winkfield. 11/17/36- 10/15/37] (70) 2. Notes on Chicago race riot, 1919. Information from Chicago Tribune, July, 1919. [Ann Williams. 4/30/41- 5/1/41] (4)
3. Interview with Kathryn Williams, "organizer for Upholsterers? International Union, Burlap and Lamp Shade Workers Local." [Robert Davis. 8/6/37] (5)
4. "Let Us Have More Like Mr. Sopkins, A Picture of the Plight of Unorganized Negro Workers and the Sources Seeking to Keep Them Unorganized." Essay on anti-union activities by manufacturer Ben J. Sopkins. Information from Crisis, 1935. [O. Spencer. 1/15/41] (4)
5. "The Negro in the Packing Industry." Essay on meat packing and the migration to Chicago. [L. Townsley] (5)
6. "The Negro Railroad Worker." Essay on Pullman porters and dining car workers; includes testimony of Robert Todd Lincoln on Pullman porters? wages. [L. Townsley] (11)
7. "Pullman Porters." Notes on the wage situation of Pullman porters, 1915. [O. Spencer. 12/18/40] (2)
8. "We Win a Place Industry." Article by Claude Barnett, Opportunity, 1929. [Josephine Copeland. 2/28/41] (8)
9. "Who is Disinterested? Tactics Used to Undermine the Negro Worker." Article by Thyra Edwards, Crisis, 1935. [O. Spencer. 1/15/41] (3)
10. Essay on attitudes to WPA (Works Progress Administration) workers. Fragment only. [2/37] (4)

CHICAGO-- 47TH STREET BOX 35

1. "Professions." Draft of an essay summarizing research on Illinois African Americans in the professions. Includes information on teachers, librarians, social workers, physicians, and dentists. [M. Bunton. 1942(?)] (20) 2. "Professions." Second draft of the essay summarizing research on Illinois African Americans in the professions. Fragment only. [M. Bunton] (4)
3. Summary of information on physicians, dentists and nurses in The Negro Professional Man and the Community, by Carter G. Woodson. [Herman Dixon. 1/17/41] (10)
4. Interview with Mrs. Barnett, owner of the Vincennes Hotel. [M. Bunton] (3)
5. Interview with Dick Jones, manager of South Center department store. [G.R. Wilson] (7)
6. Interview with Clifford Blount, newspaper stand owner. [M. Bunton] (2)
7. Interview with William N. Moore, owner of Moore?s Drug Store. [Merlin Bowen. 2/9/37] (4)
8. Interview with Cleady Martin, branch manager for Chicago Herald and Examiner. [1/6/38] (5)
9. Interviews with William Garrett and Mary Lee Wells, National Food Stores. [M. Bunton] (4)
10. "Negro Employees in Chain Stores." Brief essay based on discussion with Thomas Dixon, National Tea Company. (2)
11. "Policy. Negro Business." Essay on history and functions of policy in Chicago, based on interviews with policy workers and other Chicago residents. [M. Bunton] (19)
12. "The System of Policy." Brief essay on policy in Chicago. [M. Bunton] (5)
13. "The Game Policy." Essay on how policy functions. [Herman Clayton. 10/1/40] (6)
14. "Numbers Kings Battled Poverty and Lady Luck." Article from Pittsburgh Courier, 1938. [H. Clayton. 10/14/40] (4)
15. "Policy: Negroes? Number Game." Essay on policy in Chicago. [Andrew G. Paschal] (46)
16. "Political Protection for Policy." [H. Clayton. 10/21/40] (2)
17. "Local Policy Barons." [H. Clayton. 10/30/40] (5)
18. "Policy Sam." Essay on Samuel Young, one of the earliest "policy kings" in Chicago. [M. Bunton] (8)
19. Information on early policy in Chicago from Inter Ocean, 1878, 1901. (3)
20. Information on death of John "Mushmouth" Johnson, fromBroad Ax, 1907. [Julius Taylor] (2)
21. Interview with Mach Cleve Chavous, Marion, Illinois herb doctor. [Beulah DeVard. 11/10/41] (10)
22. Interview with Edward H. Lowe, Chicago incense book store owner and adviser. [M. Bunton. 7/10/41] (8)
23. "Kings of Policy in Chicago." Information on the Jones brothers, from Chicago Daily News, 1938. [H. Clayton. 10/14/40] (6)
24. Interview with George Jones, Ben Franklin Store. [Chauncey Spencer. 8/26/38] (3)
25. "Prostitution." [M. Bunton] (5)
26. "Illegitimate Businesses." Essays on business in Cairo, Illinois and Alexander County. [John J. Sheard, Lloyd Owens. 10/3/41] (15)
27. "Vice Areas in East St. Louis." Also included is information on policy, 1917. [Edward Harris. 12/29/41] (3)
28. Information on a "shady tavern" in Colp, Illinois. [Juanita Henson. 8/12/41] (2)


CHICAGO-- HEALTH BOX 36 1. "Health." Essay summarizing research on African American health and health services in Illinois. (21) 2. Information on history of Provident Hospital (Chicago) and its staff. Includes essays by Eleanor Welch, Mathilde Bunton, and Frank Marshall Davis. Additional information from Inter Ocean, 1893-1912. (58)
3. Information on Dr. Daniel Hale Williams. [Edward Neal] (5)
4. Information on Dr. J.H. Magee, trustee of Provident Hospital. (1)
5. "The Chicago Graduate Nurses? Association." [L. Harper] (1)
6. "John T. Wilson Hospital (Chicago)." [L. Harper] (3)
7. Information on Dr. Midian O. Bousfield. (1)
8. Information on Dr. Mary F. Waring. [L. Harper] (1)
9. "Color Line Is Absent at Fresh Air Pavilion." Article from Chicago Daily News, 1920. [W. Page. 7/18/41] (1)
10. "A Colored Baby Show." Inter Ocean, 1883. [W. Page. 3/6/41] (1)
11. "Doctors Asked to See That Negroes Get Fair Deal." Chicago Tribune, 1917. [O. Spencer. 9/4/41] (1)
12. "Nutrition of Fifty Colored Families in Chicago." Information from thesis by Eva Boggs, University of Chicago, 1927. [M. Bunton] (6)
13. "Report of Work Done on Negro Health Survey." Account of Illinois Writers Project research on African American health in Chicago. Includes reports on interviews with staff at Chicago Tuberculosis Institute, Provident Hospital, Infant Welfare Association, Venereal Disease Clinic. [E. Jennings] (20)
14. "Health in a Negro College." Information on student health services at West Virginia State College, fromPublic Health Nursing, 1940. {M. Bunton. 3/11/41] (5)
15. "The Freedmen?s Hospital." Information from Inter Ocean, 1878. [J. Simms. 2/19/41] (1)
16. Information on opening of Providence Hospital, Baltimore. Information fromInter Ocean, 1894. [B. Hall. 6/10/41] (1)
17. "Major Health Problems of the Negro." Notes on article by Dr. Midian O. Bousfield, in Hospital Social Service, 1933. [A. Williams. 3/31/41] (3)
18. "Problems of Health Service for Negroes." Notes on article by Michael Davis, in Journal of Negro Education, 1937. [A. Williams. 3/28/41] (3)
19. "Annual Sermon for National Negro Health Week, 1941. Sermon by F. Rivers Barnwell, Director, Negro Health Association. (4)
20. "Negro Hospitals." Information from study for the American Medical Association by Dr. Algernon Jackson, 1928. [H. Dixon. 1/28/41] (5)
21. Notes on African American physicians, 1878-1915, including Dr. Robert H. Tate, Alan M. Curtis, Roscoe C. Giles, R.C. Farrier. Information from Inter Ocean, Chicago Tribune. [J. Simms, B. Swindall, O. Spencer, Pauline Lewis. 2/27/41-8/22/41] (7)
22. Notes on early African American medical professionals. Includes information on Wilberforce Williams, A.H. Kenniebrew, Ida Gray Nelson. (4)
23. Notes on diseases in the African American community, 1878-1889. Information fromInter Ocean. (4)
24. Notes on tuberculosis in the African American community. Information from Chicago Tuberculosis Institute, Time. [M. Bunton. 3/12/41] (3)
25. "Statistical Contributions from the Mental Hygiene Study of the Eastern Health District of Baltimore." Information from study by B. Cohen, C. Tietze, E. Greene, Johns Hopkins University, 1939. [E. Diehl, P. Bowie. 3/5/41] (9)
26. Notes on African American mortality, 1865-1940. Information from Chicago Times, Inter Ocean, Chicago Evening Journal, The Survey, Time. [George Lewis, J. Council, J. Bougere, E. Goodfellow, L. Pearson, H. Dixon. 12/31/40- 5/8/41] (22)
27. Notes on dental examiners board. Information from Inter Ocean, 1901. [E. Jennings. 5/5/41] (1)
28. Notes on St. Mary?s Infirmary, Cairo, Illinois. Information from Cairo Bulletin, 1871. F. Sedberry, 9/18/41] (1)
29. "Health of the Negro in East St. Louis." Essay based on information from East Side Health Department. [E. Falconer, P. Lewis] (12)
30. Notes on Meharry Medical School. Information from Time, 1941. [M. Bunton. 1/20/41] (3)
31. "Dr. Schultz's Damage Suit." Information from Inter Ocean, 1901. [O. Hunter. 2/28/41] (1)

CHICAGO-- HOUSES BOX 37 1. "Houses." First draft of an essay summarizing Illinois Writers Project research on African American housing. [J. Bougere] (32) 2. "Houses." Second draft of an essay summarizing Illinois Writers Project research on African American housing. [J. Bougere. 8/27/41] (52)
3. "Houses." Third draft of an essay summarizing Illinois Writers Project research on African American housing. [J. Bougere] (20)
4. "The Color Line in the Housing Problem." Article by Sophonisba Breckenridge, in Survey, 1913. [O. Spencer. 12/4/40] (2)
5. Essay on "The Negro in Chicago," the Chicago Commission on Race Relations, 1922. [L. Pearson. 2/10/41] (15)
6. Notes on "Negro Housing in Northern Cities," by John Gries and James Ford, 1932. [M. Bunton] (21)
7. "Angry Jumble of Furniture in This Flat." Article in Chicago Tribune, 1916. [O. Spencer] (2)
8. "Arrival of Negro Migrants in Chicago." Notes from Chicago Commission on Race Relations study. [J. Bougere. 6/12/41] (3)
9. "Ask Millionaire Phipps to Build Home for Negroes." Article on New York housing conditions from Inter Ocean, 1905. [B. Hall. 2/6/41] (1)
10. "Negroes Live in Chicago." Notes on article in Opportunity, by Horace R. Cayton, 1938. [A. Williams. 11/12/40] (8)
11. "The Slums of Baltimore, Chicago, New York, and Philadelphia." Report by Commissioner of Labor, 1894. [J. Copeland. 12/13/40] (7)
12. Notes on segregated housing in Chicago before the 1919 race riot. Information fromInter Ocean, Chicago Record, Chicago Herald, Chicago Daily News, Chicago Tribune, 1894-1917. [B. Hall, W. Parham, P. Bowie, L. Holstein, O. Spencer. 10/8/40-9/2/41] (26)
13. Notes on segregated housing in Chicago after the 1919 race riot. Information fromChicago Tribune, Chicago Daily News. [W. Page. 4/30/41-7/8/41] (8)
14. Notes on The Negro Family in Chicago, by E. Franklin Frazier, 1932. [J. Copeland. 12/20/40] (17)
15. Notes on The Tenements of Chicago, by Edith Abbott. [L. Pearson] (5)
16. "Housing Conditions and Delinquency in Chicago." Report of the Committee on Negro Housing, 1932. [M. Bunton. 12/4/40] (7)
17. Essay on history of African American housing in Chicago. [L. Pearson] (14)
18. Interview with "Mr. X," on resistance to evictions in Chicago, 1931-32. [J. Bougere. 6/3/41] (2)
19. Notes on The Gold Coast and the Slum, by Harvey Zorbaugh, 1929. [J. Copeland. 12/4/40] (8)
20. "The Near West Side." Essay by Herman Dixon, includes information from interviews. [H. Dixon] (14)
21. Notes on "Report of the Illinois State Commission on the Condition of the Urban Colored Population," 1941. [J. Bougere. 5/29/41] (2)
22. Notes on "Housing of Non-Family Women in Chicago," by Ann Elizabeth Trotter (Chicago Community Trust). [M. Bunton. 11/20/40] (2)
23. Notes on "Hovels or Homes," by Mary McDowell, Opportunity, 1929. [O. Spencer. 12/18/40] (1)
24. "Morgan Park and its Changes." Brief essay by Alonzo Maloney. (1)
25. Interview with Grace Garnett, Old Settler, on her role in the origin of the "kitchenette apartments." [J. Bougere. 7/30/41] (2)
26. "R.E. Owners Start Legal Proceedings." Article in Oakland Outlook, 1935, on dispute over slum clearance on Chicago?s South Side. (5)
27. Notes on the Michigan Boulevard Garden Apartments (also known as "the Rosenwald"), from Rosenwald annual reports, 1935, 1937. [M. Bunton, A. Williams. 11/14/40-12/6/40] (6)
28. Notes on housing in Cahokia, Illinois, 1819. (1)
29. "Housing for Negroes in Alexander County." Essay on housing in the Cairo, Illinois area. Information includes interviews with elderly residents. [Nannie Glenn] (10)
30. Notes on housing in Colp, Illinois, 1941. [Juanita Henson. 8/7/41-8/18/41] (8)
31. Notes on housing in East St. Louis, Illinois, 1916-1942. Information from East St. Louis Daily Journal, Chicago Commission on Race Relations, Illinois State Commission on the Condition of the Urban Colored Population, and interviews. [Olive Hill, Edward Harris, Mildred Druzich, E. Falconer. 12/8/41-1/9/42] (24)
32. Notes on housing in Evanston, Illinois, 1932. [M. Bunton] (1)
33. Notes on housing in Jacksonville, Illinois, 1841-1941. [J. Oggs. 9/9/41] (4)
34. Newspaper clipping of article on housing in Joliet, Illinois (1941?), by Elmer Henderson, Illinois State Commission on Condition of the Urban Colored Population. (2)
35. Notes on housing in Marion, Illinois. [B. De Vard. 9/19/41] (5)
36. Notes on housing in Mound City, Illinois. [N. Glenn. 8/5/41] (2)
37. Notes on housing in Pulaski County, Illinois. [George Cross] (2)
38. Notes on housing in Quincy, Illinois. Includes newspaper clipping on housing projects from Quincy Herald-Whig, 1941. (4)
39. Notes on housing in Springfield, Illinois, 1941. Includes information from Illinois State Commission on the Condition of the Urban Colored Population. [J. Bougere, J. Oggs. 5/29/41- 9/2/41] (8)
40. Notes on housing in Urbana/Champaign, Illinois, 1941. [Ethel Chase. 10/2/41] (14)

CHICAGO-- SOCIAL LIFE AND SOCIAL UPLIFT BOX 38

1. "The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People." Essay on the early history of the organization nationally, with a concluding section on Illinois. [G.C. Moore. 5/17/41] (23) 2. "The NAACP of Cairo, Illinois." Information on the origin of the Cairo branch, 1920, as obtained from early members. (7)
3. "The Chicago Urban League." Information from League officers and from Chicago Defender, 1917. [O. Spencer, L. Harper] (3)
4. "The History of the Colored Young Men?s Christian Association in Illinois." Essay by Josephine Copeland centers on Wabash, Maxwell, and Evanston YMCA branches. [J. Copeland. 5/26/41] (19)
5. "The History of the Young Women?s Christian Association." [J. Copeland. 5/26/41] (14)
6. Notes on the YMCA of East St. Louis, 1919. [Wooten] (1)
7. "The YMCA in Marion, Illinois." Essay by Beulah De Vard. [B. De Vard] (3)
8. Notes on the campaign for a YMCA hotel in Chicago?s African American community, 1911, 1920. Information from Inter Ocean, Daily News. [O. Spencer, P. Bowie, W. Page. 4/3/41- 7/16/41] (11)
9. Notes on Lifting as They Climb, by Elizabeth Lindsay Davis, 1933. Information on the growth and development, in Illinois, of the National Association of Colored Women. [E. Chase] (10)
10. Notes on The Story of the Illinois Federation of Colored Women?s Clubs, by Elizabeth Lindsay Davis. [E. Chase] (23)
11. Notes on the exclusion of African American women by the General Federation of Women?s Clubs, 1902. Information from Inter Ocean. [J. Simms. 5/16/41] (1)
12. "Phyllis Wheatley Home." Essay on this Chicago home for young African American women. [O. Winkfield] (7)
13. "Colored Old Folks Home, Jacksonville, Illinois." [J. Oggs. 10/21/41] (2)
14. Notes on the Home for the Aged Colored People (Chicago). [L. Harper] (1)
15. Notes on the Peoria local of the Afro-American Protection League, 1895, the East St. Louis local of the organization, 1900, and on Peoria?s Colored Women?s Clubs, 1905. Information from Peoria Daily Transcript, East St. Louis Daily Journal. (5)
16. "Club Organizations and Fraternal Societies, Jacksonville, Illinois." [J. Oggs. 10/21/41] (8)
17. "The Colored Community Center, Marion, Illinois." Information on the origin and early development of the center, 1939-40. [B. De Vard] (6)
18. Notes on the "Colp Nursery for colored children." [J. Henson. 8/12/41] (1)
19. "The Original Illinois Housewives Association," 1934-41. [Pauline Lewis. 1/20/42] (5)
20. Notes on library and recreation facilities in Jacksonville, Illinois. [J. Oggs. 10/21/41] (3)
21. "The National Du Sable Memorial Society." Completed questionnaire on the history, structure and functions of the society, 1938. Questionnaire designed for Chicago Communities Study. [A. Cannon. 8/11/38] (29)
22. Notes on African American social life in East St. Louis, Illinois, 1869, 1876. [O. Hill, E. Falconer. 12/17/41] (2)
23. "Scrapbook Clippings." Notes on African American social organizations and social events in Chicago, 1867-1926. [L. Harper] (34)
24. "Supporting Our Own Charities." Editorial in Chicago Defender, and article on campaign to save Provident Hospital, 1917. [L. Harper] (3)
25. Notes on Thomy Lafon, New Orleans African American philanthropist, 1895. [B. Swindall. 3/11/41] (1)

CHICAGO-- SOCIAL LIFE AND SOCIAL UPLIFT (cont.) BOX 039

1. "Social Uplift." "Scrapbook clippings" on African American organizations, social life, charitable and business endeavors in Illinois, 1856-1941. [L. Harper] (33) 2. Notes on Emancipation Day celebrations in Illinois, 1868-1894. Information from Quincy Whig, Inter Ocean, Cairo Democrat. [E. Jennings, J. Council, J. Simms, W. Page, G. Moore, M. Garner, B. Hall. B. Swindall. 1/23/41- 7/28/41] (23)
3. Notes on celebration of British West Indies Emancipation Day in Illinois, 1867-1894. Information from Cairo Democrat, Champaign County Gazette, Chicago Evening Journal, Cairo Bulletin, Inter Ocean, Harrisburg Chronicle-Sentinel. [Anna Casey, E. Chase, L. Pearson, J. Bougere, J. Council, J. Simms, W. Page, O. Spencer, G. Moore, L. Holstein, B. Hall. 1/10/41-10/16/41] (32)
4. Notes on celebration of the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment in Cairo, Illinois, 1870. Information from Cairo Bulletin. [A. Casey. 9/11/41] (3)
5. Notes on celebrations commemorating abolitionists, 1878-1905. Information from Inter Ocean. [J. Simms, L. Pearson, B. Hall, W. Page. 2/27/41-6/18/41] (5)
6. "Honor Their Race." Article on "Colored American Day" at the 1893 World?s Columbian Exposition in Chicago. Includes a report of speech by Frederick Douglass. Information from Inter Ocean, Aug. 26, 1893. [B. Hall. 5/27/41] (4)
7. Notes on July 4th celebration at Cahokia, Illinois, 1915. Information from East St. Louis Daily Journal. [E. Harris] (1)
8. Notes on African American celebrations in Cairo, 1870, Harrisburg, 1883, and Chicago, 1893. Information from Cairo Bulletin, Harrisburg Chronicle-Sentinel, Inter Ocean. [A. Casey, B. Hall. 5/22/41- 9/11/41] (4)
9. Notes on exclusion of African American graduates of Harvard from Harvard Club of Washington, DC, 1885. Information from Chicago Evening Journal. [E. Goodfellow. 4/14/41] (1)
10. Notes on the case of Miss Cecelia Johnson, an African American student at the University of Chicago, 1907. Information from Following the Color Line, by Ray Baker, 1908, and Chicago Tribune, 1907. [Fenton Johnson, W. Page. 6/9/41- 6/18/41] (4)
11. Notes on YMCA and elderly care work in East St. Louis, 1919. Information from East St. Louis Daily Journal. [Thamous Wooten] (2)
12. "Man Who Gave $100,000 Ball Sends Negro Woman $25.00." Article from Inter Ocean, 1905. [B. Hall. 2/7/41] (1)
13. "Negro Children Sold Into Slavery." Article on children in peonage from Inter Ocean, 1913. [O. Spencer. 6/19/41] (1)
14. "Plantation Courtship." Article on courtship on antebellum slave plantations. Information from Inter Ocean, 1894. [B. Hall. 6/12/41] (1)


CHICAGO-- RECREATION AND SPORTS BOX 40

1. "Recreation and Sports." First draft of an essay summarizing Illinois Writers Project research on African American recreation and sports in Illinois. [Robert Lucas] (10) 2. "Sports." Second draft of essay on African American recreation and sports. [R. Lucas] (15)
3. "Sports." Third draft of essay on African American recreation and sports. Several typescript copies are included. [R. Lucas] (54)
4. Notes on early history of African Americans in baseball, 1871-1915. Information from Chicago Republican,Inter Ocean, Chicago Defender. [Ardis Harris, J. Copeland, Orange Winkfield. 4/1/38- 5/4/42] (5)
5. Notes on William B. Jackson, press agent for Chicago American Giants. [L. Harper] (1)
6. Notes on baseball articles in Chicago Defender, 1940. [O. Winkfield. 11/14/40-11/18/40] (31)
7. "Satchel Paige Stars Here June 9." Article in Chicago Defender, 1939. [O. Winkfield. 1/25/40] (1)
8. Notes on YMCA basketball team, 1915. Information from Chicago Defender. [O. Winkfield. 4/25/40] (1)
9. "Battling Jack Russell?s Record." List of Russell?s fights as printed in Chicago Defender, 1915. [O. Winkfield. 6/24/40] (3)
10. Notes on heavyweight champion Joe Louis, 1939-40. Information from Chicago Defender, Chicago World. [O. Winkfield, A. Bowling. 6/25/40-8/20/40] (8)
11. Notes on Henry Armstong, 1940. Information from Chicago World. [A. Bowling] (1)
12. Notes on boxing as reported in Chicago newspapers, 1913-1939. Information from Chicago Defender, Chicago Globe, Chicago World. [O. Winkfield, A. Bowling. 11/28/39-8/20/40] (15)
13. Notes on boxing as reported in Chicago newspapers, 1891-1899. Information from Chicago Globe, Chicago Democrat. [Sgallio, M. Enker, Gertrude Lyall. 6/34/40- 8/9/40] (3)
14. Notes on boxing as reported in Chicago Defender, 1940. [O. Winkfield] (9)
15. Notes on cricket in Chicago, 1914. Information from Chicago Defender. [O. Winkfield. 4/16/40] (1)
16. Notes on "The First Colored Football Team." Information from Inter Ocean, 1897. [J. Simms. 4/21/42] (1)
17. Notes on Lincoln Athletic Club, 1913-1923. Information from Chicago Defender. [O. Winkfield.1/10/40- 6/19/40] (22)
18. Notes on football at Chicago high schools, 1913-1923. Information from Chicago Defender. [O. Winkfield. 1/6/40-6/25/40] (13)
19. Notes on football at African American colleges, 1914-1934. Information from Chicago Defender. [O. Winkfield. 4/18/40- 8/20/40] (16)
20. Notes on African American football in Chicago newspapers, 1939-1940. Information from Chicago Defender, Chicago World. [O. Winkfield. 2/5/40-11/16/40] (8)
21. Notes on African American football players and coaches, 1910-1940. Information from Chicago Defender, Chicago World. [O. Winkfield. 2/15/40- 12/20/40] (18)
22. Notes on golf, as reported in the Chicago Defender, 1939-1940. [O. Winkfield. 1/19/40-11/16/40] (6)
23. Notes on swimming, as reported in the Chicago Defender, 1915-1921. [O. Winkfield. 11/29/39-7/9/40] (4)
24. Notes on African Americans in tennis, 1915-1940. Information from All Sports Record Book, by Frank Menke, and from Chicago Defender. [O. Winkfield, Frank Holland. 11/19/37- 11/19/40] (21)
25. Notes on African Americans in track and field, 1910-1940. Information from Chicago Defender. [O. Winkfield. 2/14/40- 11/14/40] (29)
26. Notes on trap shooting, from Chicago Defender, 1940. [O. Winkfield. 11/19/40] (1)
27. Notes on recreation in Marion, Illinois, 1941. [B. De Vard] (3)
28. Notes on African Americans in sports (general), 1913, 1940. [O. Winkfield. 4/1/40- 9/4/40] (3)

CHICAGO-- NEWSPAPERS BOX 41

1. "Newspapers." Draft chapter summarizing Illinois Writers Project research on African American newspapers and magazines in Illinois. (49) 2. Outline for an Illinois Writers Project study of the African American press in Chicago. A listing of chapters for the projected study, with brief synopses of each chapter. This study preceded, and was merged into, the "Negro in Illinois" study. (2)
3. "Bronzeville Finds Its Voice." A draft chapter of the African American press study on the development and problems of the Black press in Chicago, from the Conservator through the Defender. (29)
4. "A Good Neighbor Speaks." A draft chapter of the African American press study on the national role of the Chicago Black press in addressing racial and social issues. (42)
5. "To Arms For Liberty!" A draft chapter of the African American press study on the role of the Black press in Chicago in the fight against segregation and discrimination. [Henry Bacon] (59)
6. "The Political Pot Boils." A draft chapter of the African American press study on political trends and editorial positions represented in the Chicago Black press. (32)
7. "Don?t Spend Your Money Where You Can?t Work." A draft chapter of the African American press study on the fight against job discrimination, on unionization of Black workers, and on radical social solutions as presented in the Chicago African American community. [Richard I. Durham] (29)
8. "News That Is News." A draft chapter of the African American press study describing the features of the early Chicago Black press, including news content, columnists, the society page, the amusement section, sports, and home town news. [H. Bacon] (19)


CHICAGO-- NEWSPAPERS (cont.) Box 42

1. "Manual For the Study of the Negro Press in Chicago." Manual includes a description of the study, instructions to field workers, a listing of Black newspapers, and a "Questionnaire on the Negro Press in Chicago." (22) 2. "Chronological List of Negro Periodicals." A listing of African American newspapers and magazines published in Chicago, 1878-1940, with dates of publication. (3)
3. "Negro Press: Format and Makeup." A brief essay on the form, size, arrangement and style of makeup of the Chicago Black press. [H. Bacon] (5)
4. Notes on the Associated Negro Press, directed by Claude Barnett. (1)
5. Notes on the Chicago African American press, as reported by John L. Tilley in A Brief History of the Negro in Chicago, 1779-1933. [M. Bunton] (1)
6. Letter to the Inter Ocean, 1877, on racism of the Chicago Tribune. [O. Spencer] (1)
7. Notes on The Afro-American Press and Its Editors, by I. Garland Penn, 1891. Includes biographical information on W.S. Scott, J.H. Magee, S.B. Turner, John Edward Bruce. [L. Harper. 10/1/41] (12)
8. Notes on Alonzo Jesse Bowling, educator and editor of the Chicago Conservator, and on Thomas W. Swann. Information from Who?s Who in Colored America. [L. Harper] (2)
9. Notes on Robert S. Abbott, founder of the Chicago Defender. Information from "Personals," Journal of Negro History, 1940. {L. Harper] (3)
10. Notes on " prominent characters" in African American journalism in Illinois. Information is included on Florencia Grier, Archibald James Carey, Lincoln C. Valle, John Edward Bruce, Hiawatha W. Rhea, Alexander Clark, J.H. Magee. [L. Harper. 10/1/41] (13)
11. Notes on "The News of a Quarter of a Century in Brief," as published in the Chicago Defender, May, 1930. [M. Bunton. 6/4/41] (10)
12. "That Word Nigger." Editorial in Chicago Defender, Sept. 29, 1917; "A Journalistic Taboo Among Negroes," by Pauline Lewis. [L. Harper, P. Lewis. 12/18/41] (5)
13. "The Romance of the Negro Press." Essay for booklet, American Negro Exposition, 1940. [Herman Clayton. 5/14/40] (10)
14. Notes on the African American press in East St. Louis, Illinois. Brief essays on the East St. Louis Citizen, the Spotlight, the St. Louis Call, the Evening Whirl, the Crusader, the Southern Illinois Press, the Lincoln High School Journal, the East St. Louis Gazette, and the East St. Louis Globe. [P. Lewis. 12/9/41- 12/19/41] (31)
15. "The Egyptian Sun." Information on African American newspaper published in Mound City, Illinois, 1940. Includes article by Rev. C. Wesley Stratton, Mound City. (14)
16. Notes on African American newspapers in Springfield, Illinois, 1941. [J. Oggs] (2)
17. "The Beginning and the Ending of the Colored Newspaper in Alexander County." Essay on Cairo newspapers, 1883-1933. [N. Glenn] (7)
18. Notes on African American newspapers in Peoria, Illinois. Answers to questionnaire from Arna Bontemps. [La Vida Simpson. 7/14/41] (10)

CHICAGO-- POLITICS BOX 43

1. "Politics." Draft chapter summarizing Illinois Writers Project research on African American political participation in Illinois. (33) 2. Notes on Negro Politicians, by Harold Gosnell, 1935. A summary of the book as a whole. [J. Copeland. 12/3/40- 12/5/40] (27)
3. Notes on Negro Politicians, by Harold Gosnell, 1935. Summarizes information on African Americans in civil service positions in Chicago. [A. Paschal. 12/2/40] (55)
4. Notes on Negro Politicians, by Harold Gosnell, 1935. On "the Black Belt as a political battleground." [A. Williams. 12/27/40] (4)
5. Notes on Negro Politicians, by Harold Gosnell, 1935. On African Americans in civil service positions. [A. Williams. 3/3/41] (6)
6. Notes on Negro Politicians, by Harold Gosnell, 1935. On African Americans in the library and the fire department. [A. Williams. 3/3/41] (6)
7. Notes on Negro Politicians, by Harold Gosnell, 1935. On "parts of the Negro political machine," including churches, military organizations, gambling and policy, and on the structure of political organization; on "racial candidates for elective office." [A. Williams. 12/30/40-1/14/41] (84)
8. Notes onNegro Politicians, by Harold Gosnell, 1935. On "Mayor Thompson, the ?Second Lincoln?". [A. Williams. 1/3/41] (5)
9. Notes on Negro Politicians, by Harold Gosnell, 1935. On "The Negro in American Politics." [A. Williams. 12/23/40] (6)
10. Notes on Negro Politicians, by Harold Gosnell, 1935. On "Negro police officers." [A. Williams. 3/3/41] (8)
11. Notes on Negro Politicians, by Harold Gosnell, 1935. On "Negro police officers." [A. Paschal. 12/28/40] (25)
12. Notes on Negro Politicians, by Harold Gosnell, 1935. On "Negro teachers." [A. Williams. 3/5/41] (3)
13. Notes on Negro Politicians, by Harold Gosnell, 1935. On "Negroes and Communism." [A. Williams. 3/14/41] (16)
14. Notes on Negro Politicians, by Harold Gosnell, 1935. On "Negroes in Appointive Positions." [A. Paschal. 11/4/40] (26)
15. Notes on Negro Politicians, by Harold Gosnell, 1935. On "racial candidates for elective office." [A. Williams. 1/13/41] (24)
16. Notes on Negro Politicians, by Harold Gosnell, 1935. On the Sanitary District, state and federal patronage, civil service. (36)
17. Interview with Harris B. Gaines, Republican former member of the Illinois House of Representatives, [L. Harper. 8/1/38] (13)
18. Interview with Margaret Huggins, Democratic Party activist, Chicago?s Fourth Ward. [Jesse Whalen. 1/13/38] (9)
19. Notes on Theodore W. Jones, Cook county commissioner, 1896. Information from Inter Ocean. [B. Swindall. 4/10/41] (1)
20. Notes on John G. Jones, Cook County Commissioner, 1879, 1891. Information from Inter Ocean. [J. Simms, L. Harper. 5/1/41-10/1/41] (3)
21. "Negro Congressmen." Essay on Oscar DePriest and Arthur Mitchell, First Congressional District of Illinois. (5)
22. Notes on Oscar DePriest and the First District Republican organization. Information from Chicago Tribune, Chicago Daily News. [O. Spencer. 8/23/41] (4)
23. Notes on the Fifth Ward Democratic Club, 1929. Information from Chicago Daily News. [Edward Joseph] (2)
24. "Anti-Lynch Bill Scotched." Information on the Dyer anti-lynching bill from Chicago Tribune, 1922. [Louise Henry. 4/2/41] (2)
25. Notes on African American participation in the 1920 presidential election. Information from Chicago Daily News, 1920. [L. Henry, W. Page. 4/2/41- 7/11/41] (6)
26. Notes on appointment of a commission on African American concerns, 1940. Information from East St. Louis Daily Journal. (1)
27. Interview with Mayor Frank Caliper, Mayor of Colp, Illinois, 1941. (3)
28. Notes on coverage of African American political issues in the Daily Worker, 1941. [E. Joseph] (3)
29. "Politics-Electorate." Interview with Ruben King, W.P.A. employee, Chicago. [J. Council. 7/29/38] (2)
CHICAGO-- "WHAT IS AFRICA TO ME?" BOX 44

1. "Why I Have Not Spoken in Chicago Since 1920," by Marcus Garvey. Article published in Negro World, newspaper of the Universal Negro Improvement Association. [L. Harper] (6)
2. Interview with William A. Wallace, Illinois State Senator and former activist in the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) in Chicago. [L. Harper] (5)
3. Notes on parade in honor of Marcus Garvey held in New York, May, 1938. [L. Harper. 5/6/38] (2)
4. Notes on African American nationalist movements in the United States and emigration to Africa, 1839 -1906. Information from Illinois State Register, Quincy Whig, Inter Ocean, Chicago Evening Journal, East St. Louis Gazette. Also included are selected quotations on nationalist movements from George Williams, Carter G. Woodson, and James Weldon Johnson. [A. Williams, E. Jennings, J. Simms, J. Bougere, E. Falconer, B. Swindall, E. Goodfellow, W. Parham, G.C. Moore, L. Pearson, M.L. Garner, B. Hall. 1/31/41- 6/10/41] (46)
5. Notes on African American separatist sentiment, 1895-1910. Information from Inter Ocean. [B. Swindall, O. Hunter. 1/30/41- 2/14/41] (4)

CHICAGO-- AND CHURCHES BOX 45

1. "And Churches." Draft chapter summarizing Illinois Writers Project research on churches established by twentieth century African American migrants to Illinois, and on storefront and other non-traditional Black churches. (22) 2. "And Churches." First draft of chapter summarizing Illinois Writers project research on twentieth century, storefront and non-traditional African American churches in Illinois. (13)
3. Notes on Cosmopolitan Independent Community Church, Chicago. [A. Williams, E. Jennings] (5)
4. Notes on Metropolitan Community Church (Peoples Community Church of Christ), and on the Community Church movement. [A. Williams, J. Copeland. 6/4/41- 6/6/41] (13)
5. Notes on the Chicago Temple of Islam, founded by W.D. Fard. (17)
6. "I Your Prophet." Short story about Noble Drew Ali and the Moorish Science Temple of America. (41)
7. Notes on Noble Drew Ali and the Moorish Science Temple. Fragment only. Includes information on factions in the Temple. (8)
8. Notes on deaths of members of "Rescue the Perishing" in a fire, 1905. Information from Inter Ocean. [B. Hall. 2/6/41] (1)
9. "Our Negro and Indian Missions." Two brief essays on work of the Roman Catholic church among African Americans, by Edward J. Fitzmaurice, Bishop of Wilmington, N.C., 1937; statistical table of "Negro Missions" in the United States, 1935-36. [E. Joseph] (6)
10. Notes on Chicago African American Catholics in The Catholic Church and the Negro American, by John T. Gillard, SSJ, 1929. [Fenton Johnson. 5/5/41] (3)
11. Notes on St. Anselm R.C. Church, Chicago. [A. Williams, E. Jennings] (1)
12. "The History of Allen Temple (African Methodist Episcopal)," Chicago. [J. Copeland. 6/18/41] (1)
13. "Coppin A.M.E. Chapel and Carey A.M.E. Temple," Chicago. [A. Williams, E. Jennings. 6/6/41] (4)
14. "Grant Memorial A.M.E. and Allen Chapel A.M.E.," Chicago. [A. Williams, E. Jennings] (2)
15. "The History of Liberty Baptist Church," Chicago. [J. Copeland. 6/18/41] (2)
16. "Monumental Baptist Church," Chicago. Information from Monumental Herald, 1938. [A. Williams, E. Jennings] (2)
17. "A Brief History of Provident Baptist Church," Chicago. [J. Copeland. 6/18/41] (1)
18. "The History of Good Shepherd Congregational Church," Chicago. [J. Copeland. 6/18/41] (8)
19. "The History of Lincoln Memorial Congregational Church," Chicago; Interview with Rev. A.L. Scott, Pastor. [J. Copeland, Harriette Vines. 1/12/38- 6/18/41] (33)
20. "Progressive Community Church," Chicago. [A. Williams, E. Jennings] (1)
21. "History of St. Edmund?s Church," Chicago. Information from booklet, "Tenth Anniversary-- Church of St. Edmund," 1938. [A. Williams. 6/5/41] (1)
22. "The History of the Indiana Avenue Methodist Church," Chicago. [J. Copeland] (5)
23. "The History of Everdale Missionary Baptist Church of Cairo, Illinois." [John J. Sheard. 8/30/41] (4)
24. "First Central Baptist Church of Cairo, Illinois." (6)
25. "History of St. Columba?s Catholic Parish," Cairo, Illinois. Information from Father Taylor. (5)
26. "The St. Paul Missionary Baptist Church," Cairo, Illinois. (6)
27. Interview with Rev. W.H. Clark, Shiloh Baptist Church, Colp, Illinois. [J. Henson. 8/12/41] (1)
28. Brochure for "State Holiness Youth Congress, to be held in Harrisburg, Illinois, August, 1941. [B. De Vard] (2)
29. "McCabe Methodist Episcopal Church, Jacksonville, Illinois." [J. Oggs. 7/28/41] (2)
30. "The Church of God in Jesus Christ, Marion, Illinois (Mixed)." [B. De Vard. 8/30/41] (6)
31. Notes on St. Luke M.E. Church, Peoria, Illinois. (1)
32. Notes on Friendship Baptist Church, Peoria, Illinois. [E. Covington] (1)
33. "Program of the 39th Annual Session of the East Mt. Olive Baptist Association and Auxiliaries," Colp, Illinois, 1941. (6)
34. Notes on the National Baptist Sunday School Congress, Springfield, Illinois, 1920. Information from Chicago Daily News. [W. Page. 7/14/41] (1)

NATIVE SONS-- LITERATURE BOX 46

1. Untitled essay on Black writers in Illinois, 1861-1941. Probably an early draft of essay summarizing Illinois Writers Project research on African American literature in Illinois. [Jack Conroy(?)] (53) 2. "Literature." Second draft of essay summarizing Illinois Writers Project research on African American literature in Illinois. [J. Conroy] (12)
3. "Literature." Third(?) draft of chapter summarizing Illinois Writers Project research on African American literature in Illinois. [J. Conroy(?)] (41)
4. "Afro American Exposition." Draft of section on Literature written for American Negro Exposition booklet, 1940. [Fenton Johnson. 4/1/40] (24)
5. "Literature and Art." Essay on early African American literature [Henry Bacon. 4/29/40] (6)
6. Notes on African American literature in Chicago newspapers, 1885-1905. Information from Chicago Evening Journal, Inter Ocean. [E. Goodfellow, G.C. Moore, L. Pearson, B. Hall. 2/5/41- 6/2/41] (10)
7. "Miss Georgia Mable DeBaptiste." Information from The Afro-American Press and Its Editors, by I. Garland Penn, 1891. [L. Harper. 9/22/40] (2)
8. "Papa Can't Find Me." Unsigned poem published in Chicago Evening Journal, 1885. [E. Goodfellow. 4/29/41] (1)
9. Notes on Paul Lawrence Dunbar. Information from Inter Ocean, 1906-1911. [W. Page, P. Bowie, B. Hall, M.L. Garner. [2/7/41- 6/3/41] (7)
10. "Some Personal Reminiscences of Paul Lawrence Dunbar," by Edward F. Arnold, in Journal of Negro History, Vol. 17, 1932. [L. Harper] (16)

NATIVE SONS-- LITERATURE (cont.) BOX 47

1. "Development of Negro Culture in Chicago." Introductory section of extended essay on African American literature, theater, dance, cinema and music in Chicago. Material in this section of the manuscript includes information on Jean Baptiste Point Du Sable. [Kitty Chapelle (Catherine de la Chapelle)] (22) 2. "Development of Negro Culture in Chicago." Introductory section of essay. Includes information on African American oratory, poetry and prose. Fragment only. [K. Chapelle] (11)
3. "Colored Culture in Chicago, cont?d." Introductory section of essay. Includes information on literature in Bronzeville, and on African American music and painting. Fragment only. [K. Chapelle. 5/18/37] (13)
4. "Colored Culture in Chicago (cont?d.): Poetry and Prose." Two sections of essay. Fragment only. Includes information on Frank Marshall Davis, Robert A. Davis. [K. Chapelle. 7/23/37- 8/3/37] (53)
5. "Colored Culture in Chicago, cont?d: Poetry and Prose Writers of Chicago, Biographical Sketches, Appendix." Includes information on Fenton Johnson, William E. Lilly, Frank Marshall Davis, Arna Bontemps, Katherine Dunham, and on African American periodicals. [K. Chapelle. 8/27/37- 9/14/37] (37)
6. "Colored Culture in Chicago, cont?d: Drama--New Negro Ballet--Dance." Essay sections include information on ballet "La Guiablesse," with music by William Grant Still and the Chicago Grand Opera Company, and with Katherine Dunham, 1934; biographical and critical information on Still and Dunham; Federal Theater Project production of John Charles Braille?s "Mississippi Rainbow"; critical information on Paul Robeson. [K. Chapelle. 9/21/37- 10/29/37] (58)
7. "Colored Culture in Chicago, cont?d: "New Negro Ballet--Drama--The Dance --Cinema." Essay sections include information on African Americans in music and the theater, with emphasis on Bertha Mosely Lewis, Lawrence Tibbett, Paul Robeson, Bert Williams, La Julia Rhea, Marguerita Ward, on the Cube Theater, the Children?s Theater Group, and on Broadway musicals. [K. Chapelle. 11/2/37- 12/31/37] (117)
8. "Colored Culture in Chicago, cont?d." Section of an essay including information on the Negro Actors Guild, and on a film on George Washington Carver. Fragment only. [K. Chapelle. 1/25/38] (11)
9. "Colored Culture in Chicago, cont?d." Section of an essay including information on the Negro Actors Guild, June Richmond, "Hansel and Gretel" as performed by the Children?s Theater Group, and on the Chicago Defender Christmas Benefit, 1937. [K. Chapelle] (23)
10. "Colored Culture in Chicago, cont?d: Drama--The Dance--Cinema, etcetera." Sections of an essay including information on jazz in Chicago, Duke Ellington, St. Clair Drake, and on the ballet "L?Ag?Ya," with Katherine Dunham. Discussion of cinema includes information on Chicago theaters, and on George Randall, Noble Johnson, Louise Beavers, Oscar Michaux, and Bill Robinson. Discussion of opera includes information on Charles H. Manney, Paul Robeson, and on African Americans in radio. Fragment only. [K. Chapelle. 2/8/38- 4/5/38] (81)
11. "Colored Culture in Chicago, cont?d: Painting." Section of an essay including information on William Edouard Scott, Archibald Motley, Henry Ossawa Tanner. [K. Chapelle] (8)
12. "Colored Culture in Chicago, cont?d: Sculpture--Arts--Crafts." Section of an essay including information on African sculpture, Meta Warrick Fuller, Joseph Kersey, Clarence Lawson, and Richmond Barthe. [K. Chapelle. 4/19/38- 5/17/38] (67)
13. "Colored Culture in Chicago, cont?d." Section of an essay on African American art. Information is included on Joseph Kersey, Richmond Barthe, Archibald Motley, William Knight Farrow, E. Simms Campbell, Charles C. Dawson. [K. Chapelle. 5/31/38] (20)
14. "Colored Culture in Chicago, cont?d: Sculpture--Arts--Crafts, Miscellaneous data, biographical sketches." Sections of an essay on African American art galleries, Negro Artists Guild, and on William McKnight Farrow. [K. Chapelle. 6/14/38] (32)
15. Untitled fragment of essay on African sculpture, and on the Federal Art Project. [K. Chapelle] (8)

NATIVE SONS-- MUSIC AND ART BOX 48

1. "Suggested outline for a study of Negro music in Chicago." Early sketch of Illinois Writers Project research on this subject. [Arna Bontemps] (3) 2. "Negro Music and Musicians Prior to 1913 in Chicago." Brief essay based on interviews. [George D. Lewis] (2)
3. "The Negro?s Musical Heritage." Essay on the origins and development of African American music in Chicago. [W.A. Harrison. 10/3/39] (15)
4. "History of Negro Music and Musicians: The Heritage." Essay on spirituals, work songs, and ragtime. [Robert Lucas. 4/?/40] (7)
5. "A Survey of Negro Music." Essay on African music, spirituals, minstrels, blues, and jazz. [H. Clayton. 4/11/40] (15)
6. African American music in Chicago newspapers,1874-1928. Information from Chicago Evening Journal, Inter Ocean, Chicago Herald, Chicago Defender. [J. Bougere, B. Hall, J. Council, J. Simms, B. Swindall, O. Hunter, M.L. Garner, O. Spencer, L. Pearson, A. Williams, E. Joseph. 7/16/40-7/1/41] (23)
7. "Data on early Chicago and the Negro." [L. Henry. 12/8/39] (1)
8. Notes on amateur orchestras in Chicago?s African American community, 1920- 1940. [E. Joseph. 1/213/40] (3)
9. "A Directory of Negro Music." Listing of African American concert artists, singers, music critics, music schools, orchestras and bands, organists, directors, pianists, and music organizations in Chicago. [W. Page] (21)
10. "Negro Music and Musicians in Chicago." Brief essays on music schools and teachers, including Normal Vocal Institute, William Grant Still, the Symphonic Male Chorus, St. Edmunds Drum and Bugle Corps, the Allied Arts Committee of Lincoln Center, the Metropolitan Community Center Choir, the Chicago Music Association, the Olivet Choir, and the Chicago Umbrian Glee Club. [W. Harrison, L. Henry, G. Lewis. 11/29/39- 12/22/39] (26)
11. "A History of Local 208, American Federation of Musicians." Interview with George Dulf. [L. Henry. 10/23/39] (5)
12. "Chapter V-- Divas and Divans." Fragments of an essay on Chicago African Americans in concert and parlor music, with list of artists to be studied. Also included are notes on Anita Patti Brown, William Tyler, Hortense Love, Novella McGhee, Margaret Bonds, Napoleon Reed, Charles Theodore Stone, and Joseph Cole. [R. Lucas, L. Henry. 10/11/39] (15)
13. Notes on "Women in Music," essay by Maude Roberts George, in Lifting as They Climb, by Elizabeth Lindsay Davis, 1933. (5)
14. Notes on the Imperial Opera Company, Chicago. [G. Lewis] (2)

NATIVE SONS-- MUSIC AND ART (cont.) BOX 49

1. "Allegretti Girls Musical Club, Jacksonville, Illinois." [J. Oggs] (3) 2. "Armour Jubilee Singers," Chicago. Also included is list of programs given by the singers, 1936-1939. [G. Lewis] (9)
3. "Canaan?s Travelers," Peoria, Illinois. [E. Covington] (7)
4. "The Chicago Choral Study Club." Information from interviews, Inter Ocean, Chicago Evening Journal. [G. Lewis] (4)
5. "The Federal Glee Club," Chicago. Interview with Curtis T. Jackson. [G. Lewis] (1)
6. Notes on the history of the Fisk Jubilee Singers, and on their concert in Chicago, 1886. Information from Inter Ocean. [G.C. Moore. 3/28/41] (7)
7. Notes on the Freedman Choral Union, Chicago, 1887. Information from Inter Ocean. [L. Holstein. 5/22/41] (2)
8. Notes on Hampton Singers concert in Chicago, 1874. Information from Chicago Evening Journal. [J. Bougere. 3/21/41] (4)
9. Notes on concerts by the Hallelujah Band in Chicago, 1875. Information from Inter Ocean. [J. Council. 1/7/41] (2)
10. Notes on the Jinglers concert in Kewanee, Illinois, 1891. [V.V. Headland] (2)
11. "Lincoln Liberty Chorus," Springfield, Illinois. [J. Oggs] (2)
12. Notes on the Louis Cowen Concert Combination concert at Quinn Chapel, Chicago, 1879. Information from Inter Ocean. [J. Simms. 3/18/41] (1)
13. Notes on concert by the Lyric Swan Glee Club, Chicago, 1897. Information from Chicago Record. [W. Parham. 12/5/40] (1)
14. "Metropolitan Jubilee Singers," Chicago. Information from interview with Della R. Brown. [G. Lewis] (3)
15. "The Modern Troubidors," Chicago. Information from interviews with Mabel Sanford Lewis and James Barr. [G. Lewis] (2)
16. Notes on James A. Mundy and the Mundy Choristers. [G. Lewis] (5)
17. Notes on the N.Y.A. Chorus. [L. Henry] (1)
18. Notes on St. Elizabeth High School Glee Club. [L. Henry] (1)
19. Notes on concert by the Temperance Colored Jubilee Singers in Peoria, 1879. Information from Peoria Transcript. [Ray Baum. 2/3/39] (2)
20. Notes on the Umbrian Glee Club, Chicago. Information from interview with Author A. Brown. [G. Lewis] (1)
21. Notes on other Chicago choral groups (unnamed), 1874-1882. Information from Chicago Evening Journal, Inter Ocean. [J. Bougere, J. Council, W. Page. 1/8/41- 3/14/41] (9)
22. Notes on African Americans in music: Clarence C. White, William Vodery, Charles L. Cooke, Jeanne Fletcher, Mildred Bryant-Jones, and Clyde Winkfield. [G. Lewis] (4)
23. Notes on concert by the Wilberforce Concert Company in Harrisburg, Illinois, 1883. Information from Harrisburg Chronicle-Sentinel. (1)
24. "Spirituals of Today." Essay on gospel music in Chicago. Includes information on Thomas A. Dorsey, C.H. Cobb, Mahalia Jackson, and "Little Lucy Smith." [G. Lewis] (20)
25. Notes on music in Chicago African American churches. [L. Henry] (9)
26. Notes on Sisseretta Jones ("Black Patti"). Information from Inter Ocean , 1893, 1901. [R. Lucas, O. Hunter, J. Bougere. 1/3/40- 2/28/41] (6)
27. Notes on Lenella Benson of Benson?s Music School, Chicago. [E. Joseph. 2/1/40] (2)
28. Interview with Walter Dyett, bandmaster for the Eighth Regiment and at DuSable High School. [G. Lewis] (7)
29. Interview with Mabel Sanford Lewis, pianist and teacher. [G. Lewis] (10)
30. Notes on Nettie Lewis at the Pekin Theater. [Barefield Gordon. 1/11/39] (1)
31. Notes on Mabel Malarcher, Imperial Opera Company. [G. Lewis] (1)
32. Two essays on Marian Anderson; Chicago Times article on Anderson concert in Chicago, 1939. [L. Henry, M. Bunton] (12)
33. Interview with John Tompkins, choir director. [G. Lewis. 12/14/39] (5)
34. Notes on music in Chicago Defender, 1928. [E. Joseph. 7/9/40] (4)
35. Interview with Clarence Black, band leader. [L. Henry. 10/10/39] (2)
36. "Music in the Theater." Excerpts from article in Negro History Bulletin, 1939. [W. Page] (4)
37. Notes on African American musical organizations in Springfield, Illinois. [J. Oggs] (4)
38. Notes on African American musicians in Quincy, Illinois. (3)
39. Notes on African American music in Peoria, Illinois. Information from Peoria Transcript. [Ray Baum. 11/22/38- 3/10/39] (5)
40. Notes on closing of African American theater in East St. Louis, Illinois, 1919. Information from East St. Louis Daily Journal. [T. Wooten] (1)
41. "America?s Worst Dance Disaster," Natchez, Miss., 1940. [O. Spencer] (4)
42. "An Outline of the Historical Development of the Negro in the Plastic and Pictorial Arts." [A. Cannon] (21)
43. Fragments of notes on African American music. [O. Hunter, G. Lewis] (5)

NATIVE SONS-- THE THEATRE BOX 50

1. "The Theatre." Draft chapter summarizing Illinois Writers Project research on African American theatre. [J. Bougere] (40) 2. Notes on African Americans in theatre. Information on Ira Aldridge, minstrels, troubadours, the Federal Theatre Project, nickelodeon vaudeville, Bert Williams, and Broadway drama. Fragment only. [Fenton Johnson. 3//40-3/7/40] (9)
3. Notes on African American theatre in Chicago, especially the Pekin, 1878-1923. Information from Inter Ocean, Chicago Daily Journal, Chicago Daily News. [J. Simms, O. Hunter, W. Page, O. Spencer, L. Holstein, M.L. Garner. 11/20/40- 7/17/41] (31)
4. Notes on circus and carnival performers, 1893, 1895. Information fromInter Ocean. [O. Hunter, B. Swindall. 1/3/40- 1/30/41] (7)
5. Notes on African American minstrels, 1874-1894. Information fromChicago Evening Journal, Inter Ocean. [J. Bougere, J. Council, J. Simms, E. Goodfellow, B. Hall. 1/14/41- 6/17/41] (9)
6. "Music in Theater." Notes on article in The Official Theatrical World, 1928. [W. Page. 5/22/40] (3)
7. Notes on protests against plays offensive to African Americans, 1906-1915. Information from Inter Ocean, Chicago Daily News. [W. Page, P. Bowie, L. Holstein. 4/8/41- 5/28/41] (13)
8. "Aldridge, the Colored Actor." Article from Peoria Daily Transcript, 1867. (4)
9. "A Bronze Interlude," a musical play by Grace Outlaw. (6)
10. "Southland," a musical play by Grace Outlaw. (5)

NATIVE SONS-- RHYTHM BOX 51

1. "Rhythm." Draft chapter summarizing Illinois Writers Project research on African American ragtime, jazz, blues and gospel in Chicago. An earlier version of the chapter is included. Accompanying the chapter is a May, 1942 note to Arna Bontemps. [J. Bougere] (66)
2. Notes on "Blind Tom," pianist, 1875-1894. Information from Inter Ocean, Chicago Evening Journal. [J. Council, J. Bougere, J. Simms, B. Hall. 1/9/41- 6/27/41] (6)
3. Notes on "Thomas Dartmouth Rice, the Father of Negro Minstrelsy." Information from Chicago Tribune, 1895. [A. Cannon. 7/23/40] (4)
4. "Personal Reminiscences of a Few Negro Composers: Will Marion Cook." [Fenton Johnson. 5/?/40] (5)
5. Essay on "Ragtime in Chicago." Includes information on Arthur Shaw, Shelton Brooks, Grover Compton, and on ragtime in Chicago theaters. [Barefield Gordon. 1/4/39- 2/23/40] (10)
6. Notes on ragtime concert in Chicago, 1900. Information from Inter Ocean. [O. Hunter] (3)
7. Essay on the "Chicago style of jazz." First two pages missing. A fragment of an earlier draft, and a newspaper clipping on "Boogie-Woogie," is also included. [Fred Glotzer. 10/9/40] (37)
8. Interview with William C. King, President of Colored Orchestras of America, 1937, and a biographical sketch of King. [Wilhelmina Warfield, L. Henry. 10/28/37] (23)
9. "How Cabell (Cab) Calloway Got To The Top." Article by Robert Crandall in Music and Rhythm, 1940. [O. Spencer. 1/3/41] (9)
10. Lists of Chicago jazz composers, performers, arrangers. [O. Spencer] (6)
11. Interview with Roy Eldridge, 1938. [O.C. Wynn. 4/19/38] (6)
12. Notes on Earl Hines. [O. Spencer] (2)
13. "Trumpeter Freddie Keppard Walked Out on Al Capone!" [O. Spencer] (17)
14. "Jelly Would Flash That G-Note, Laugh In Your Face." Article on Ferdinand "Jelly Roll" Morton. {O. Spencer. 9/1/41] (4)
15. "Death Claims Him." Article on Joe (King) Oliver, by Onah Spencer, in Down Beat, 1938. [O. Spencer] (6)
16. Interview with Hartzell ("Tiny") Strathdene Parham, 1938. [O.C. Wynn. 4/6/38] (5)
17. "Pioneer Jazz Artists: Art Naylor." [O. Spencer] (2)
18. "Jasper Taylor: Drummer." [O. Spencer] (2)
19. "Young Negro Musicians in Chicago." Outline and essay, with drawings. Information from interviews with music teachers, bandleaders, and chorus directors. [W. Page. 2/29/40- 3/21/40] (16)
20. "Ed Stovall?s Artists of Swing." A list of band members. [O. Spencer] (1)
21. "He Forgot The Words." Article on Louis Armstrong and the origins of scat singing. (3)
22. "Piano Boogie Woogie and Blues." Essay on the development of boogie woogie piano playing in Chicago. Fragment only. [O. Hunter. 2/?/40] (17)
23. List of "Decca Records by Harlem Hamfats." (3)
24. List of "Songs by Other Colored Composers." (2)
25. "Richard M. Jones: Composer and Trail Blazer." [O. Spencer] (8)


NATIVE SONS-- RHYTHM (cont.) BOX 52

1. "The Blues: A Historiette of an American Musical Art." Essay includes information on Mamie Smith, Bessie Smith, Alberta Hunter, Edith Wilson, Floyd Campbell. [O. Spencer] (7) 2. "The Blues Language." Essay on blues lyrics. Fragment only. [F. Glotzer. 8/21/40] (21)
3. Notes on Minnie Ward ("Memphis Minnie"). [O. Spencer. 8/1/39] (1)
4. Notes on Mamie Smith. [O. Spencer] (2)
5. Notes on Lil Green. Information from Down Beat, 1941. [O. Spencer] (1)
6. Notes on Edith Wilson. [O. Spencer. 8/14/40] (2)
7. List of song titles recorded by blues performers, including Georgia White, Kokomo Arnold, Ollie Shepard, Harlem Hamfats, Lonnie Johnson. [O. Spencer. 7/11/40] (10)
8. List of "Chicago Girl Blues Singers," and "Chicago Male Blues Singers." [O. Spencer] (2)
9. "Night of Blues is Brilliant." Report on celebration of W.C. Handy?s birthday in Chicago, 1940, with performances by Felicia Sorel and Langston Hughes. [O. Spencer. 8/14/4/0] (3)
10. Lyrics to blues songs. Artists include Robert Brown, Kokomo Arnold, Bill Broonzy, Joe Pullum, Ida Cox, Teddy Grace, Clarence Lofton, Amos Easton, Jack Sneed, Bill Gaither, Minnie McCoy, LeRoy Carr, Earl Thomas, Walter Roland, Robert Johnson. (62)
11. "Waxing the Blues." Essay on blues recording and sales in Chicago. Fragment only. [O. Hunter. 8/23/40] (6)
12. List of "Present Day Blues Artists, under direction of Herbert Morand," New Orleans. [O. Spencer. 8/14/40] (1)
13. "Negro Work Songs." Essays on the history and current practice of African American work songs. Sources of information include interviews with workers in Chicago. [M. Bunton, E. Joseph. 2/29/40- 5/6/40] (16)
14. "Labor Songs in Chicago." Essay on re-use of traditional songs by unions. [B. Gordon. 6/?/40] (3)
15. Notes on music in Chicago churches, including All Nations Pentecostal Church, and Church of God in Christ. (1)

NATIVE SONS-- RICHARD WRIGHT BOX 53

1. "Ethnographical Aspects of Chicago's Black Belt." Essay on the causes and impact of African American migration to Chicago. Bibliography appended. [Richard Wright. 12/11/35] (20) 2. "Bibliography on Negro in Chicago. A compilation of documents, books, newspapers, pamphlets and journal articles, created as preparation for Illinois Writers Project research. [Richard Wright. 1936(?)] (51)
3. "Big Boy Leaves Home." Typed manuscript, with corrections, of short story published in 1935. [Richard Wright] (49)
4. "Richard Wright." Two drafts of a brief biographical and critical sketch of Wright, written after the publication of Native Son. Illinois Writers Project author unknown. [1940] (7)

Michael Flug, Senior Archivist

Farmer's Market Customers

2009

Historic North First Street Farmers Market Logo

Historic North First Street Farmers Market

Land of Lincoln Legal Assistance Foundation managing attorney Valerie McWilliams, left; William Jones, president of the North First Street Association; and market manager Wendy Langacker gather at the north end of a parking lot near the Champaign Police Station, which will be the home of a farmers' market to begin June 18 and run for 11 weeks. By Heather Coit.

News-Gazette

Article in Courier on a "purloined fowl" on North First Street

From the Illinois Digital Newspaper Collection.

Urbana Daily Courier

February 29, 1924

Articles on Hambrick Plaza

Businesses--Hambrick Plaza, Geography--North First Street

Article 1: City votes to build new complex on First Street
Plaza to hold dry cleaners, grocery
Text: A new building on First Street will soon be providing another shopping and dining option for Champaign residents.

The Champaign City Council voted Tuesday night to move forward with a project that would put a new building at 306 and 306 1/2 N. First St., between Hill and Church streets.

Two houses once stood on the property, which were vacated and demolished in 2005. Once completed, the complex would be named Hambrick Plaza, named after its builder and developer Bob Hambrick.

Hambrick said the plaza will include a family grocery store, a dry cleaners and a restaurant. The plan also calls for apartments located above the stores.

The city will be putting $100,000 toward the project, coming from the Urban Development Action Grant Funding. Hambrick has asked the city to donate the land to him.

Since the city is putting public funds toward the project, Council members questioned Hambrick during the meeting to be certain he would move forward with the construction in a timely manner.

"We always use a high degree of scrutiny when we are using public funds," said Tom Bruno, Council member At-Large. "We have to be careful."

City planning director Bruce Knight assured the Council that, regardless of whether the project moves forward, the public funding for the complex must be used in that area.

If Hambrick opts not to move forward with the project, the public funds must be returned to the city, said city planner T.J. Blakeman.

Gina Jackson, Dist. 1 Council member, said she is pleased about the new project, because it will give citizens who live close to the complex another place to shop for groceries.

"They will not have to go to Meijer or to the Save-A-Lot in Urbana," Jackson said.

Article 2: Plan for North First retail plaza gains OK
Text: CHAMPAIGN – North First Street will likely be getting a convenience store in coming months, after the city council gave its tentative approval to a proposal to develop a small retail plaza with three upstairs apartments.

Council members voted 8-0 Tuesday night to direct city staff to negotiate a development agreement for 306 and 306.5 N. First St. with Robert Hambrick Sr.

Under the arrangement, the city would award Hambrick a $100,000 grant and give him the two city-owned properties. Hambrick said he intends to build a brick building on the site, to be called Hambrick Plaza, that would include space for three small businesses on the ground level and three upstairs apartments.

The building itself would cost an estimated $550,000. It would include 2,650 square feet of commercial space total and three apartments, each with more than 900 square feet of space.

Hambrick told council members that he wants to operate a small convenience store with his family that would offer milk, bread, ice cream and a pay station, among other things. City officials said there is a Class A liquor license available that could also go to the store.

"It'll be a nice environment," said Hambrick. "I'm really excited and looking forward to this."

He said the convenience store might take up two of the commercial spaces. He would look for a tenant for the remaining commercial space, saying a restaurant or a drop-off laundry are possibilities.

Hambrick operates Hambrick & Son Funeral Home, 203 N. Market St., C, with his son, Robert Hambrick Jr.

Council members said they are excited about the prospect of a local businessman adding new businesses to North First Street, which the city has been working to redevelop for two decades.

"This will be a wonderful addition to the neighborhood, especially for those seniors who can't get out," said Gina Jackson, who represents District 1.

Council members asked several questions about financing for the project, some of them admitting they were gun-shy after the failure of the Lone Star Lodge on the same street left the city holding more than $600,000 in loans and a building worth roughly half that amount.

Assistant City Manager Dorothy David said the grant funds would come from an Urban Development Action Grant fund the city has. The money in the fund was given to the city with no strings attached by the federal government after a downtown bank received a federal loan and repaid it, she said. The same fund was used to purchase the two lots that would be given to Hambrick in 2005 for $39,500.

City Planner T.J. Blakeman said, in response to a question from council member Tom Bruno, that the city could include deadlines for Hambrick to meet in the development agreement. Hambrick said he wants to start construction by this summer or fall.

Hambrick said he wants his building and business to serve as an inspiration to young blacks.

"Young people need to be able to look and say, 'Mr. Hambrick got something going, I can get something going,'" he said.

Daily Illini and News-Gazette

March 25 and 26, 2008

Three-part Daily Illini Feature on North First Street

North First Street

Pt. 1: City grants to boost North First Street development
Text: Cut off from the urban revival of downtown by the Illinois Central Railroad tracks, North First Street remains in shadows like Champaign's Cinderella.

On the three blocks north of University Avenue, a handful of black-owned businesses sit few and far between among stretches of vacant land. At the northern edge of the street, wooden boards cover up a gnarled and worn storefront - a remnant of the past.

Nearly 15 years ago, the look of this dilapidated building was the norm, not the exception. "It was a rundown area that needed to be redone," said Champaign Mayor Jerry Schweighart.

The city began to redevelop the area with the intent of restoring it as a commercial district of black entrepreneurs. Without the city's investment, many banks might not have financed the construction of the new buildings, impeding redevelopment and perpetuating the area's decline.

The city grants for First Street provided the boost for business owners to expand their businesses and renovate their properties, especially when they tried to obtain financing, said John Lee Johnson, director of the East Street Development Corporation. The nonprofit organization is dedicated to promoting housing development and economic projects in low- and moderate-income neighborhoods in Champaign County. The city employed Johnson to work with area business owner and identify resources to finance the construction of North First Street projects.

"There's a pot of money available to North First Street that's not available anywhere else in the city," Johnson said of the grants, which are capped at $200,000 and are the highest in the city. "It's a Donald Trump deal."

'No money, no capital'

Many North First Street business owners lacked the cash to fund building improvements on their own, Johnson said.

Lawrence Jackson and his brother, Larry Algee, fell into that category. The two decided to take advantage of the city's grants to reopen their father's barbecue restaurant that had closed in 1994.

"There weren't very many barbecue places in this town, and it was a good opportunity for me and my brother to reopen our father's business," Jackson said. "I always wanted to be my own boss and have my own business."

Jackson's father still owned the property that housed the old restaurant, but the building was crumbling and in much need of repair to bring it back up to code. The building would have to be rehabbed at a cost of more than $350,000.

The brothers applied for the city grant and received $150,000 in 1998; the grants provide funding for no more than 50 percent of a building project. The brothers still had to come up with the rest, but neither could afford it, Jackson said.

The brothers worked with Johnson to secure financing from banks to fund the rest of the project.

Getting bank loans proved difficult, however. When the brothers applied for loans, several banks rejected their application, Jackson said.

"We had to come up with the financial backing, but we got turned down by a lot by banks," Jackson said. "We didn't have no money, no capital. They didn't think we were good enough risk."

When the brothers first applied for loans, they only had the city's money to start the project. "That's what the banks were griping about. I felt we had a good product, but we didn't have the personal money other than the grant money to invest," Jackson said.

Jackson and Algee also sought a loan from the Champaign County Community Development Corporation (CDC), a group of eight banks that pools together money and makes low-interest loans to high-risk businesses.

"It's our mission to help businesses that wouldn't be able to start otherwise," said James "Casey" Rooney, economic development manager at the Champaign County Regional Planning Commission, which administers the funds of the Champaign County CDC.

The CDC loans money to high-risk ventures because the risk is spread out among its members, he added.

Originally, the CDC declined to loan the money to Jackson and Algee, Johnson said.

Barriers to capital

"The city didn't recognize the historical levels of discrimination that had been practiced by lending institutions toward the businesses in the area," Johnson said. "What the city did recognize was that (the grants) could be used as collateral incentive to approach the banks," he said. "But that didn't mean the banks would accept it."

Johnson said he believed blacks are held to stricter loan standards than non-blacks.

"Blacks have always been excluded from institutional processes of America," Johnson added. "Champaign is no exception."

Historically, banks illegally denied or restricted the number of loans to certain communities through a process called "redlining," according to William Patterson, associate director of the Afro-American Studies and Research Program at the University of Illinois.

"Banks are going to scrutinize loans anyway, but if they're going to have an extra set of standards for a certain neighborhood that's ethnically identifiable, that's redlining," Patterson said. "It has everything to do with skin color and race, and it's been used across the nation."

Johnson said the city grants should have served as proof that, though Jackson and Algee were unable to invest personal money, they still had money behind them.

Johnson, on behalf of Jackson and Algee, filed a complaint alleging that the banks and the CDC used stricter standards for blacks than for non-blacks.

"Our point before filing the complaint was: 'Don't f**k around with us. We're entitled to the same banking privileges as any other type of American,'" Johnson said.

Rooney, of the Champaign County Regional Planning Commission, said he was unaware of the complaint; he has only worked at the commission for two years. He said while the CDC makes loans to high-risk businesses, it still requires that loan applicants have sound business plans and good financial projections.

"We don't just throw money and hope they succeed," Rooney said. "We don't want to help them fail."

Rooney said startup small businesses usually are undercapitalized and need financing, but some entrepreneurs lack financial resources, have bad credit or simply have no sound business plan. He also said North First Street is a fledgling neighborhood, which to bankers signals risk.

"Bankers are the most conservative people on earth," Rooney said. "First Street is an experiment. We're going into an unknown. Bankers don't take risks. They have to be fiscally responsible with their customers' money."

Johnson said he believes the CDC became more responsive after the complaint was filed. Meanwhile, Jackson and Algee, along with their father, managed to pool together some money of their own, Jackson said. The CDC later approved the loan and financed the renovation of the building, which was completed in 2003. Jackson's Ribs N' Tips Restaurant and Lounge opened for business that August.

'Other side of the tracks'

In 1992, the Champaign City Council made redeveloping the area a priority. Though it sat just a block and a half from downtown and was separated by railroad tracks, the area over the years had spiraled into decay and was riddled with violence.

"It's a big boundary," said Dannel McCollum, the mayor of Champaign from 1987 to 1999, of the disparities between downtown and North First Street. "You've heard the expression 'the other side of the tracks.'"

The area used to be a high crime area, said Gary Spear, a crime analyst with the Champaign Police Department. "There used to be lots of bars, lots of violent crime, lots of shootings," he said. "It was a tough area."

Once the police station was built at the corner of University Avenue and First Street in 1983 and the bars began to close, police began to see a decline in crime, Spear said. He estimated that the crime rate has dropped about 75 percent during the past three decades. According to Champaign crime statistics, there were no reported violent crimes on North First Street in 2004.

The city hoped the redevelopment would resurrect the area as the bustling black commercial district it had been decades ago, said Dennis McConaha, a consultant the city hired at the beginning of the revitalization project.

"This went into disrepair in the '70s," McConaha said of North First Street. "It was an opportunity to bring that back as a pride of the community and upgrade the buildings."

McCollum said the plan was also logical.

"I think the real promise was the chance to promote black-owned enterprises and pick up the area that has for the last 30 to 40 years been a black area," McCollum said. "I think in reality, it was unlikely a white entrepreneur would pick this area to invest in."

A thriving enclave

During the first half of the 1900s, the area east of the Illinois Central Railroad tracks became an active commercial area serving white railroad workers and blacks, who had settled in an area northeast of the tracks, said Paul Idleman, director of the Champaign County Historical Museum Cattle Bank.

By the 1960s, white-owned businesses operated along First Street, and black business owners set up shop on a portion of First Street and Main Street, which was paved over and now serves as a city parking lot, said Mayor Schweighart, who at the time was a police officer assigned to the area. There was little interaction between the two races, he added.

Segregation caused the area to become a vital hub to the black community as blacks were prevented from frequenting white-owned establishments and obtaining employment in many businesses, said Ted Adkisson, a Champaign native who owned a beauty shop downtown and now teaches workshops on local black history.

"This community was segregated," Adkisson said. "African Americans began to build their own businesses because they weren't gainfully employed. The whole community was thriving with different businesses."

Adkisson listed nearly 30 black-owned businesses that operated in the area during its heyday between 1950 and 1970 - from cafes, taverns and barbecue joints to cleaners, barbershops and funeral homes.

During the civil rights movement, racial strife enveloped the area, Schweighart and Idleman said.

"There was lots of turmoil," Schweighart said. "It was not a good time to be a policeman. We'd go to campus because of Vietnam War protestors, then come up north and get shot at because of the black power movement."

White business owners began to move out by the end of the 1960s, and more black business owners replaced them down First Street, Adkisson said.

"During the '70s and into the '80s, you began to see these businesses vanish," Adkisson said. "As integration became possible, African Americans were able to move out of the African-American community and into the community at large. If it was being offered somewhere else, those services in the black community could be drained off."

Resurrecting the area

The city has completed four full-scale construction projects on North First Street, totaling nearly $1 million. The city also leveled dilapidated buildings and replaced old streetlights with decorative ones. The area houses a realty company, a restaurant, a masonic lodge with a bar and banquet hall, two barbershops and four hair salons.

But some disagree about whether the redevelopment succeeded.

"The North First Street project has increased investment and has created jobs and an ongoing economic base in the black community," Johnson said. "I would grade the project a double 'A.' The 'but' is there needs to be more partnerships between the city of Champaign and the black community."

"It's a success in one way that it got rid of dilapidated buildings," Schweighart said. "But the vital goal was filling them back up with businesses. You got a lot of property off the tax rolls, so you can't consider that a success."

But in the eyes of Lawrence Jackson, who got a city grant to build his barbecue restaurant, the redevelopment pumped life back into the area.

"Without the city, we wouldn't have this opportunity," Jackson said. "Not just us, but First Street in general. Before the city started doing anything, First Street was dying."

Pt. 2: Salons find success on North First
Text: On a cold, bleak November morning, North First Street sits nearly still.

Fog hovers over the many vacant lots, and the inactivity of the morning makes the area seem barren. Only the clatter of a man pulling aside the metal grates covering the windows of a beauty salon disturbs the quiet.

On the other side of those windows, inside the Locks of Glory Phase II beauty salon, 204 N. First St., the mood is much different. Natalie Knight and her mother, Moira Dukes, chat and joke as they cut, condition and straighten their customers' hair. The friendly talk and laughter make the room warm and welcoming.

Though only a handful of businesses operate on this stretch of North First Street, which became blighted over the last few decades, Locks of Glory and the street's other barbershops and salons are prospering - serving as hope that the area's redevelopment will be successful.

"They represent a successful minority business culture and ethic," said James "Casey" Rooney, economic development manager at the Champaign County Regional Planning Commission. His office administers funds that have been invested in North First Street businesses. "They've come a long way in such a short time. There's optimism and, of course, room for improvement. But the hope is that these businesses will expand, and new businesses will enter."

Beating the odds

Small business is risk, said Joseph Broschak, a business administration professor at the University.

Nationwide, one in three new small businesses fail within two years of opening, according to U.S. Small Business Administration statistics.

By largely serving the black community, the black-owned barbershops and salons on North First serve a very specific market, which allows them a greater likelihood of success than small businesses in broader markets that have to compete with chain stores, Broschak said.

"Chains tend to serve the general public, but niche markets tend to serve a specific segment of the general population," Broschak said. "When you're talking about niche markets for specific demographics, whether it's race, ethnicity, etc., there's lots of opportunity for (entrepreneurs).

"But that requires doing homework. Understanding that you offer a specific product and knowing how customers will respond to what's being offered," he added.

Beauty salons also hold a cultural significance to black women, said Noliwe Rooks, associate director of African American Studies at Princeton University. She is also the author of "Hair Raising: Beauty, Culture and African American Women," which focuses on black identity and culture in relation to hair.

"They are a social space where you learn to be a woman," Rooks said. "Growing up, it's a right of passage. In terms of business, it's also an entrepreneurial opportunity, especially if you're located in the black community. It's a service that's racially specific and it's certainly a viable business."

Rooks said black women spend a lot of money on their hair because the product and treatments they use cost more. The average black woman spends between $60 and $100 on her hair for each visit to a beauty salon, Rooks added.

"For black women, who have had a difficult time fitting in with accepted beauty norms, they can do all sorts of things with their hair to fit in," Rooks said.

Investing in hair

Inside Locks of Glory, the smell of heated hair fills the room as Natalie Knight, the owner of the salon, pulls a heated straightening comb through her customer's frizzy hair, transforming it into sleek, smooth hair. Two women on the opposite side of the room sit under hair-drying machines that seem to swallow their heads. Another woman, Kim Roberson, flips through a magazine, then watches the television while she waits to get her hair styled by Moira Dukes.

Roberson has gotten her hair styled by Dukes since 1995, and she didn't let moving from Champaign to Nashville, Tenn., stop her from returning for hair appointments. She would drive to Champaign for nearly six hours.

"My friends back home ask, 'Why would you drive all that way for your hair?'" said Roberson, a plump young woman with round cheeks. "When you find someone good, that's where you want to go. And with black hair, you don't want to take the chance. It's hard to find a beautician who takes care of your hair. You need a lot of maintenance for black hair."

Knight said she believes other customers return for that same reason: They know the hairdressers not only style their hair but also care for it.

"We do a lot of hair care," said Knight, a tall woman with curly chin-length hair pulled back by a colorful orange ribbon. "We do styling too, but also our hair - black hair - needs a lot of maintenance. I feel as if (chains) don't give (blacks) the maintenance that our hair needs."

"They know what they're doing," said Terrya Miller, senior in applied life studies who has come to the salon for four years and gets her hair done nearly every week.

"It can get expensive but our hair is an investment," Miller said. "You have to take care of it like a car. To make it look good, you have to take care of it with regular maintenance."

Joe Taylor, who has operated his barbershop, Rose and Taylor, 124 N. First St., in the area for 25 years, said while his barbers can cut any type of hair, his shop specializes in cutting black men's hair.

"We have barbers who can cut the same styles as Supercuts (and other chains)," said Taylor, a soft-spoken 60-year-old man. "We do cut hair for minorities better than anyone else. We've been doing it so long."

Taylor expanded his business when the city started redeveloping the area. He bought land on First Street and obtained a grant to finance construction of the building that houses his shop. Taylor's narrow, long shop, with its walls lined with posters displaying different hairstyles, shares space in the building with two other salons. On most days, the shop is packed with people waiting for their turn to get their haircut by one of Taylor's five employees or Taylor himself.

Taylor estimated that 99 percent of his customers are black and return for a haircut about every two weeks.

"A black barbershop is predicated on the knowledge of black hair and styles," said John Lee Johnson, whom the city had hired to work with North First Street businesses looking to redevelop their properties. "It's essential for business to know their clientele and understand their clientele."

"Business is going well," Taylor said, while counting receipts, his gold-frame glasses drawn down low on his nose. "No problem in the barber business."

Personalized service

Natalie Freeman, owner of Anointed Hands Beauty Salon, 124 N. First St., believes her key to success has been not only the work she does on hair, but also her personality and the salon's atmosphere.

Freeman's secret?

"You don't have to sell yourself, just be yourself," said Freeman, a slim woman with cropped hair, squared glasses and high cheekbones.

Ted Adkisson, the retired owner of TeRo's Beauty and Nail Salon, said interpersonal skills are necessary in the beauty business. Adkisson said that's what kept him in business for 18 years.

"You need to know how to keep your client base, and that's treating them well and keeping them satisfied," he said.

Broschak, the business administration professor, echoed the sentiment. Hair salons are considered a personalized service, he said.

"The more personalized the service, the more important the relationship," he said. "You're going to continue to go somewhere even if a place opens next door that's cheaper. There's a great personal relationship aspect. People tend to want to do business with people they know, like and trust."

Freeman said many of her customers have stayed with her since their first appointments. Many stayed with her even when she left her old location.

Freeman also described her salon's atmosphere as Christian, which comes from her identity as a Christian woman and the way in which she began her business.

Freeman said she had just returned to Champaign from Chicago after attending beauty school. She had three daughters and had just left an abusive relationship. When she decided to start her salon, her mother's friend donated old equipment, and her original landlord did not charge rent for the first few months.

"People would say it was a miracle," she said. "I didn't have anything. I was a struggling mother on public aid. If you keep faith and trust in God, he'll make opportunities for you ... I said God, if you bless me with a shop, I'm going to dedicate it to you."

Freeman named the shop "Anointed Hands" and tries to preserve a gossip- and profanity-free salon. She also hosts a prayer breakfast at the salon.

"I love this salon," said LaTanya Cobb, an Urbana resident who goes to the salon every two weeks. "There's no drama ... Natalie is a good business person just because of who she is. I see her take care of people in the community. She's a good soul. It's from her roots. She's a good Christian woman."

Growing business

Freeman can tell her business is succeeding because her customer base is growing. The salon is quickly outgrowing the space in its current location.

In November, Freeman worked with John Lee Johnson to try to obtain a city redevelopment grant to construct a new building and expand her hair salon into a multicultural full-service salon that would offer manicures, pedicures and tanning beds. New grant money rules, however, prevented the city from granting the money.

Taylor, owner of the Rose and Taylor barbershop, thinks another building would be a boon to the area, allowing more diversified businesses to set up shop in the area.

"It's not through," Taylor said of the area's redevelopment. "We need an insurance office or some other professional offices, maybe even a laundry mat. Don't you think we've got enough barbershops?

"It may be a lot of black-owned businesses, but it's not just for the black community," Taylor said. "Everyone's welcome. We treat everyone the same."

Pt. 3. Council faces lodge loan woes
Text: When the Lone Star Lodge #18 applied for a city of Champaign grant to construct a new building, the city and the lodge's members thought the project could spur further development of the North First Street area and benefit the black community.

The lodge, 208 N. First St., was a black fraternal organization with ties to First Street for about 50 years. The city sought to restore the area as a black commercial corridor.

"It was their business center years ago and the idea was to bring the area back to its vitality," said Dennis McConaha, a consultant whom the city hired to help with the redevelopment project. "The lodge was part of the fabric of the community."

The project called for razing the lodge's weathered, narrow building and replacing it with a grand, 6,000-square-foot building that would house a bar and a banquet hall. The Lone Star Lodge had promise to be a shining beacon for North First Street's future.

Five years after the project was started, the promise has faded. The lodge defaulted on a loan, and the city has started the process to foreclose on the property and could lose about $300,000. The fiasco serves as a cautionary tale of how the city and others must be vigilant when exploring ways to revitalize an area and evaluating a business's chances of success, some say.

"There's a good lesson to be found," said James "Casey" Rooney, economic development manager at the Champaign County Regional Planning Commission. The commission administered a Community Development Corporation (CDC) loan to the lodge. "We all need to do a better job in evaluating the chance of success for the business," Rooney said. "We all learn from mistakes."

Struggling business

Much of the lodge's current problems stem from slow business and its failure to repay equipment and construction loans, according to city documents.

The lodge has had monthly shortfalls in both sales and profits in 2004 and has been operating at a loss, according to a financial report submitted in May to the city by the lodge's accountant, Daniel E. Setters.

The lodge also failed to make loan repayments on time and, in April, defaulted on a $125,000 loan owed to the CDC, which held the first mortgage on the lodge's property, according to a city report.

"Becoming current (on the CDC loan) will be a challenge considering (the lodge's) current cash crunch," Setters had written.

The city bought out the CDC's position on that loan because of a previous agreement between the two, said Veronica Gonzalez, the city's implementation planner. The city declared the entire loan immediately due.

The city staff recommended that the Champaign City Council declare the loan in default because the lodge's financial report showed it didn't have a sufficient revenue stream to pay off its debt.

At its July 13 meeting, the council voted to declare the lodge in default of the loan and directed city staff to foreclose on the mortgage. The lodge was given a 90-day period to pay $9,962.44 in order to reinstate the mortgage and prevent foreclosure.

"It's like an alcoholic brother-in-law," said Tom Bruno, a city councilman. "You feel compassionate at first, but you can't go helping them. You have to cut your losses."

David Johnson, the president of the lodge's High Twelve social club, said that the reason the lodge struggled from the start was because the lodge's original contractor went bankrupt.

"He went belly-up and had told us he purchased equipment and materials, but he didn't," Johnson said. "We had to take out loans twice."

Other lodge officials did not return several phone calls.

Business decisions

"The deadliest business to be in, in America, is small business," said John Lee Johnson, whom the city hired to work with North First Street businesses, including the lodge, looking to redevelop their properties. "But (the lodge's) product hasn't become obsolete and their clientele hasn't shifted. They've made unbelievable decisions that put them in a hole."

John Lee Johnson said members of the Danville Business School helped write a business plan for the lodge that detailed how the business could sustain itself; the business plan was required in order to get the city grant. The lodge's business plan, John Lee Johnson said, should have prevented the lodge from falling behind on loan payments.

David Johnson, the lodge official, said the lodge's problems haven't resulted from mismanagement.

"For the small budget (the lodge managers) had to work with, they did good," David Johnson said. "Whatever money we had, we used to open the place. But we had no operating capital. That prevented us from having supplies on hand and doing advertising. We weren't able to tell public that we exist."

But Rooney, whose office administered the CDC loan, said the lodge had the additional problem of being a fraternal organization.

"When you're talking about a fraternal organization, who is accountable?" Rooney said. "In that situation, there is no such person as there would be in a for-profit organization who is responsible for paying the bills, for marketing, etc. The board is constantly changing.

"What's important to the bank is that you have a good businesses model and a good business structure that's sustainable over time, that won't deviate from year to year," Rooney said. "That doesn't appear to be the case in terms of the lodge."

The lodge also rebuffed the city's inquiries about the health of the lodge's business, said Gonzalez, the city's implementation planner.

"Time and time again, we asked for information about the status of the business," Gonzalez said. "But with the lodge, it's always been a mystery. Every time we met with them another issue would surface ... They would come to council and would tell us it wasn't our business. But it is because we lent them money."

Lending lessons

In 1999, the city loaned the lodge a total of $296,000 to help finance construction of the building - $150,000 of which the city would forgive if the rest were paid back on time.

The city loaned an additional $150,000 in 2002 to fund the completion of the lodge's building. At the time, the lodge had fallen behind on its loan from the CDC because the construction of the building had been stalled. When the city made the 2002 loan, it also agreed to buy out the loan from the CDC if the lodge were to default on the CDC loan. The CDC, in return, agreed not to hold the lodge in default of its loan at that time.

Champaign Mayor Jerry Schweighart said the city could have offered more business help, rather than loaning money.

"It's the old saying: Give them a hand instead of a handout," Schweighart said. "In the case of the lodge, I think we gave them too much of a handout."

By the time the lodge defaulted on the CDC loan in 2004 and the city took over the loan, the lodge's debt had ballooned to $703,000, according to a report to the city council. The city also appraised the building, which it valued at $360,000.

"Their business projections were supposed to work," Gonzalez said of why the city continued to loan money to the lodge. "Their business plan was sound. We knew it would be risky - what business isn't? But it was the execution of the business plan that's the issue."

Future development

Meanwhile, the 90 days the lodge had to pay the city to reinstate the mortgage expired on Nov. 17, according to a city document. The city is waiting for a judge's decision, though the lodge is trying to come up with the money to pay off the loans.

"We're going to lose money, there's no doubt about that," Gonzalez said. "Besides money, we lose credibility from both the business community that thinks we've done too much (for the lodge) and the black community who will want to know why it didn't succeed. If they aren't informed correctly of what happened, it could hurt future development."

Bruce Knight, the city's planning director, said there were circumstances surrounding the lodge that wouldn't be met again. Nevertheless, the city should be more careful in the future when determining the financial capability of a business, he said.

"Each one of these cases are unique, and we have to handle them uniquely," Knight said.

Rooney thinks putting a more thorough focus on future lending would help businesses avoid the lodge's predicament.

"I hate to think there won't be any more investment on First," he said. "It's all going to boil down to their business plan and financial projections. People will be a little more cautious. But we'll still be here."

Jonathan Mendes

Daily Illini

January-February 2005